Clues to Evolution of the SERA Multigene Family in the Genus Plasmodium

Arisue, Nobuko; Palacpac, Nirianne Marie Q.; Tanabe, Kazuyuki; Horii, Toshihiro

doi:10.5772/23460

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 57 publications

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“…In a 2011 study in Japan, Nobuko Arisue et al also stated that SERA genes had genetic diversity [19] . Rahul et al (2013) in India investigated the genetic variation of C-terminal sections of PvSERA4 and PvSERA5 in P.vivax isolates and reported the highest nuclide variation rate of 0.17 in PvSERA5 [14,23] . which is far more than the nucleotide diversity among Iranian isolates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Characterization of C-Terminal Region of SERA5 Gene in Isolates of Plasmodium vivax in Southwestern Iran

Shokoohi

Saadatnia²,

Abolghazi³

2022

IEM

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Backgrounds: Plasmodium vivax is one of the leading causes of malaria as a severe and death disease. Malaria has always been a major challenge for human health. The study of the genetic diversity of genes in malaria-causing agents has always been a concern for researchers. One of these genes is SERA, which plays a key role in parasite escape from the immune system. Materials & Methods: DNA was extracted from 40 blood samples taken from symptomatic malaria patients infected with P. vivax in southern and southwestern Iran using a DNA extraction kit. Then PCR was performed with specific primers, and the data were analyzed by sequencing and recording genes. Findings: In this study, 14 different isolates were identified among all samples, which were recorded in the World Gene Bank. The number of haplotypes among the 14 samples was 12. Also, there were 25 polymorphic nucleotide positions out of about 400 nucleotide sites. The ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous mutations (1.87094) and the amount of Tajima's D (-0.57671) indicated the positive effect of natural selection on the genetic diversity of C-terminal region in the SERA5 gene. Conclusions: Considering the safety and relative immunogenicity of vaccines, in addition to performing clinical trials, a regional vaccine should be developed to overcome genetic variation and antigenic changes in proteins.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Characterization of C-Terminal Region of SERA5 Gene in Isolates of Plasmodium vivax in Southwestern Iran

Shokoohi

Saadatnia²,

Abolghazi³

2022

IEM

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Phase 1b Randomized Trial and Follow-Up Study in Uganda of the Blood-Stage Malaria Vaccine Candidate BK-SE36

Palacpac

Ntege²,

Yeka

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundUp to now a malaria vaccine remains elusive. The Plasmodium falciparum serine repeat antigen-5 formulated with aluminum hydroxyl gel (BK-SE36) is a blood-stage malaria vaccine candidate that has undergone phase 1a trial in malaria-naive Japanese adults. We have now assessed the safety and immunogenicity of BK-SE36 in a malaria endemic area in Northern Uganda.MethodsWe performed a two-stage, randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled phase 1b trial (Current Controlled trials ISRCTN71619711). A computer-generated sequence randomized healthy subjects for 2 subcutaneous injections at 21-day intervals in Stage1 (21–40 year-olds) to 1-mL BK-SE36 (BKSE1.0) (n = 36) or saline (n = 20) and in Stage2 (6–20 year-olds) to BKSE1.0 (n = 33), 0.5-mL BK-SE36 (BKSE0.5) (n = 33), or saline (n = 18). Subjects and laboratory personnel were blinded. Safety and antibody responses 21-days post-second vaccination (Day42) were assessed. Post-trial, to compare the risk of malaria episodes 130–365 days post-second vaccination, Stage2 subjects were age-matched to 50 control individuals.ResultsNearly all subjects who received BK-SE36 had induration (Stage1, n = 33, 92%; Stage2, n = 63, 96%) as a local adverse event. No serious adverse event related to BK-SE36 was reported. Pre-existing anti-SE36 antibody titers negatively correlated with vaccination-induced antibody response. At Day42, change in antibody titers was significant for seronegative adults (1.95-fold higher than baseline [95% CI, 1.56–2.43], p = 0.004) and 6–10 year-olds (5.71-fold [95% CI, 2.38–13.72], p = 0.002) vaccinated with BKSE1.0. Immunogenicity response to BKSE0.5 was low and not significant (1.55-fold [95% CI, 1.24–1.94], p = 0.75). In the ancillary analysis, cumulative incidence of first malaria episodes with ≥5000 parasites/µL was 7 cases/33 subjects in BKSE1.0 and 10 cases/33 subjects in BKSE0.5 vs. 29 cases/66 subjects in the control group. Risk ratio for BKSE1.0 was 0.48 (95% CI, 0.24–0.98; p = 0.04).ConclusionBK-SE36 is safe and immunogenic. The promising potential of BK-SE36, observed in the follow-up study, warrants a double-blind phase 1/2b trial in children under 5 years.Trial RegistrationControlled-Trials.com ISRCTN71619711 ISRCTN71619711

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Clues to Evolution of the SERA Multigene Family in the Genus Plasmodium

Cited by 2 publications

References 57 publications

Genetic Characterization of C-Terminal Region of SERA5 Gene in Isolates of Plasmodium vivax in Southwestern Iran

Genetic Characterization of C-Terminal Region of SERA5 Gene in Isolates of Plasmodium vivax in Southwestern Iran

Phase 1b Randomized Trial and Follow-Up Study in Uganda of the Blood-Stage Malaria Vaccine Candidate BK-SE36

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