Clues on the origin of post-2000 earthquakes at Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy)

Chiodini, Giovanni; Selva, Jacopo; Pezzo, Edoardo Del; Marsan, David; Siena, Luca De; D’Auria, Luca; Bianco, Francesca; Caliro, Stefano; Martino, Prospero De; Ricciolino, Patrizia; Petrillo, Zaccaria

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-04845-9

Cited by 57 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Chiodini, Selva, et al () have showed that Pisciarelli fumarolic tremor, recorded 8 m away from the fumarole‐mud pool alignment (CPIS station), has the following characteristics: (1) it has a spectral peak in a narrow frequency band around 10 Hz; (2) its polarization is almost vertical; and (3) the frequency content and the polarization parameters (azimuth, inclination, and rectilinearity) have not significantly changed from January 2010 to May 2017. Furthermore, even if the Campi Flegrei seismic network is very dense, the fumarolic tremor with characteristic frequency around 10 Hz is not detectable by seismic stations located 200 or 300 m away from the fumarole.…”

Section: Data Analysis: Methods and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We divided the signal into eight intervals of 30 min, and we calculated the RSAM as the average of the absolute values of the counts of each interval. We chose the minimum of the 8 values to select the least noisy window, obtaining a daily RSAM value [see Chiodini, Selva, et al, , for details]. Figure shows the time series of the CPIS RSAM updated to 23 April 2019.…”

Section: Data Analysis: Methods and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to enhance the monitoring of the Pisciarelli hydrothermal area, in January 2010 a seismic station (CPIS) was positioned near the main fumarole (Figure ) with the specific purpose of measuring the seismic tremor generated by the activity of the Pisciarelli fumarole and to test the possibility of obtaining a proxy of the hydrothermal fluid fluxes. A recent work (Chiodini et al, ), based on January 2010 to May 2017 data, has shown how the fumarolic tremor is a powerful tool to monitor the current period of hydrothermal unrest at Campi Flegrei.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insight Into Campi Flegrei Caldera Unrest Through Seismic Tremor Measurements at Pisciarelli Fumarolic Field

Giudicepietro

Chiodini

Caliro

et al. 2019

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Within a general volcanic unrest in the densely urbanized area of Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy) an increase in the activity of Pisciarelli hydrothermal area is occurring. The seismic amplitude of Pisciarelli fumarolic tremor is a proxy for the fluid emission rate of the entire Solfatara‐Pisciarelli hydrothermal system. The long‐term analysis indicates a significant increase, by a factor of ~3 of the fumarolic tremor amplitude since May 2017. This increment matches with the trend of geochemical and seismic parameters observed in Campi Flegrei, therefore highlighting that Pisciarelli is a key site to monitor the volcanic unrest underway in this high‐risk caldera. The analysis of data from three closely spaced seismic stations provided new clues about the source mechanism of the tremor. Analyzing the fumarolic tremor amplitude we could also identify an episode of enlargement of the emission area close to the main fumarole of Pisciarelli. We propose a monitoring system based on the fumarolic tremor analysis, which provides real‐time information on the Pisciarelli hydrothermal activity and therefore on the current unrest in Campi Flegrei caldera.

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Section: Data Analysis: Methods and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Analysis: Methods and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insight Into Campi Flegrei Caldera Unrest Through Seismic Tremor Measurements at Pisciarelli Fumarolic Field

Giudicepietro

Chiodini

Caliro

et al. 2019

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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“…The length scales for most of these processes are dependent on details of the magmatic‐hydrothermal system and are hence difficult to ascertain. With regard to timescales, observations from volcanic systems with high‐frequency geophysical and geochemical monitoring suggest that the typical timescale for magmatic fluid injection is of order 1 month to 10 years (e.g., Campi Flegrei, Chiodini et al, ; Cascade volcanoes, Crankshaw et al, ; Long Valley Caldera, Peiffer et al, ; Shelly et al, ).…”

Section: Transient Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile Degassing From Magma Chambers as a Control on Volcanic Eruptions

Mittal

Richards

2019

JGR Solid Earth

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The loss of volatiles from a magma reservoir affects the magmatic overpressure responsible for driving ground deformation and eruptions. Although the high‐temperature metamorphic aureole around a magma chamber is typically considered to have low permeability, recent theoretical, experimental, and field studies have highlighted the role of transient permeability in magmatic systems. Also, direct measurements suggest that passive degassing is a significant component of total volatile loss in both basaltic and silicic volcanoes. Consequently, the effective permeability of the crust when magma is present in the system can be many orders of magnitude larger than that of exhumed rock samples. We develop a fully coupled porothermoelastic framework to account for both the flow of volatiles as well as associated effects on the stress state of the crust and calculate an analytical solution for spherical geometry. We then combine a magma chamber box model with these solutions to analyze eruption dynamics in magmatic systems. We find that in addition to viscous relaxation, magma recharge, and cooling timescales, the pore pressure diffusion timescale exerts a first‐order control on volcanic eruptions with moderately high crustal permeabilities of order 10−17 to 10−19 m2. We describe a parameter space to identify which components dominate in different regimes for volcanic eruptions according to these different timescales.

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“…The Campi Flegrei caldera (CFc), next to Naples in southern Italy, has been the world's most restless, non-erupting caldera for the last 69 years, characterized by episodes of significant ground uplift, enhanced hydrothermal activity, and seismicity. In addition to these short-term episodes (e.g., 1950-1952, 1969-1972, and 1982De Natale et al, 2006;Del Gaudio et al, 2010;Troiano et al, 2011;Chiodini et al, 2015Chiodini et al, , 2017Kilburn et al, 2017;Moretti et al, 2017Moretti et al, , 2018, ground subsidence and uplift of several meters has been documented since at least Roman times (e.g., Bellucci et al, 2006;Di Vito et al, 2016). Moreover, as a result of resurgence over the last ca.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A roadmap for amphibious drilling at the Campi Flegrei caldera: insights from a MagellanPlus workshop

et al. 2019

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Large calderas are among the Earth's major volcanic features. They are associated with large magma reservoirs and elevated geothermal gradients. Caldera-forming eruptions result from the withdrawal and collapse of the magma chambers and produce large-volume pyroclastic deposits and later-stage deformation related to post-caldera resurgence and volcanism. Unrest episodes are not always followed by an eruption; however, every eruption is preceded by unrest.The Campi Flegrei caldera (CFc), located along the eastern Tyrrhenian coastline in southern Italy, is close to the densely populated area of Naples. It is one of the most dangerous volcanoes on Earth and represents a key example of an active, resurgent caldera. It has been traditionally interpreted as a nested caldera formed by collapses during the 100-200 km 3 Campanian Ignimbrite (CI) eruption at ∼ 39 ka and the 40 km 3 eruption of the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (NYT) at ∼ 15 ka. Recent studies have suggested that the CI may instead have been fed by a fissure eruption from the Campanian Plain, north of Campi Flegrei.Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the IODP and the ICDP. 30 M. Sacchi et al.: A roadmap for amphibious drilling at the Campi Flegrei calderaA MagellanPlus workshop was held in Naples, Italy, on 25-28 February 2017 to explore the potential of the CFc as target for an amphibious drilling project within the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) and the International Continental Drilling Program (ICDP). It was agreed that Campi Flegrei is an ideal site to investigate the mechanisms of caldera formation and associated post-caldera dynamics and to analyze the still poorly understood interplay between hydrothermal and magmatic processes. A coordinated onshore-offshore drilling strategy has been developed to reconstruct the structure and evolution of Campi Flegrei and to investigate volcanic precursors by examining (a) the succession of volcanic and hydrothermal products and related processes, (b) the inner structure of the caldera resurgence, (c) the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the hydrothermal system and offshore sediments, and (d) the geological expression of the phreatic and hydromagmatic eruptions, hydrothermal degassing, sedimentary structures, and other records of these phenomena. The deployment of a multiparametric in situ monitoring system at depth will enable near-real-time tracking of changes in the magma reservoir and hydrothermal system.

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Clues on the origin of post-2000 earthquakes at Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy)

Cited by 57 publications

References 80 publications

Insight Into Campi Flegrei Caldera Unrest Through Seismic Tremor Measurements at Pisciarelli Fumarolic Field

Insight Into Campi Flegrei Caldera Unrest Through Seismic Tremor Measurements at Pisciarelli Fumarolic Field

Volatile Degassing From Magma Chambers as a Control on Volcanic Eruptions

A roadmap for amphibious drilling at the Campi Flegrei caldera: insights from a MagellanPlus workshop

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