Abstract:Background: Approximately half of treated clubfoot patients initially corrected with the Ponseti method experience relapse that requires additional treatment. The consequences of relapse on childhood activity levels have not been well studied. Ponseti noted lower functional ratings at 18-year follow-up in clubfoot patients who had undergone tibialis anterior tendon transfer for relapse. Methods: Clubfoot Activity and Recurrence Exercise study (CARES) is an observational, prospective cohort study that compares … Show more
“…A prospective, observational cohort study evaluated physical activity in patients who had clubfoot, were <10 years of age, and did or did not have relapse and found no difference in daily step counts, step intensity, or distance walked. Step counts in all patients with clubfoot were similar to general population metrics 53 .…”
This pediatric orthopaedic update represents a review of articles predominantly from October 2021 to October 2022.
Spine
Adolescent Idiopathic ScoliosisAs we strive toward optimal adolescent idiopathic scoliosis treatment that will serve patients well into adulthood, longterm follow-up studies are of particular importance. Lander et al. reported on a series of 134 patients treated with Harrington instrumentation with a minimum 40-year follow-up. Patients with a lowest instrumented vertebra (LIV) at L3 or proximal had a lower likelihood of undergoing additional surgical procedures at 13% compared with patients with an LIV at L4 or distal at 36%, but, aside from this, the groups were similar with regard to health-related quality of life and their scores were not different from normal age-based means 11 . Also encouraging was the report on 115 patients with a 25year follow-up that showed that the serum levels of cobalt and chromium ions were similar in the patients treated with Harrington instrumentation compared with a control group of patients treated with bracing 12 . However, questions with regard to the long-term effect of retained implants continue to generate concern as titanium levels were found to be persistently elevated to 5 times the preoperative level at the 2-year follow-up in a series with more contemporary implants 13 . The impact of this remains unknown but warrants continued study.There remains continued interest in leveraging technology to achieve optimal pedicle screw placement safely and consistently. In a systematic review and meta-analysis by Baldwin et al., screws placed with intraoperative computed tomographic (CT) navigation were determined to be one-third Disclosure: The Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest forms are provided with the online version of the article (http://links.lww.com/JBJS/H355).
“…A prospective, observational cohort study evaluated physical activity in patients who had clubfoot, were <10 years of age, and did or did not have relapse and found no difference in daily step counts, step intensity, or distance walked. Step counts in all patients with clubfoot were similar to general population metrics 53 .…”
This pediatric orthopaedic update represents a review of articles predominantly from October 2021 to October 2022.
Spine
Adolescent Idiopathic ScoliosisAs we strive toward optimal adolescent idiopathic scoliosis treatment that will serve patients well into adulthood, longterm follow-up studies are of particular importance. Lander et al. reported on a series of 134 patients treated with Harrington instrumentation with a minimum 40-year follow-up. Patients with a lowest instrumented vertebra (LIV) at L3 or proximal had a lower likelihood of undergoing additional surgical procedures at 13% compared with patients with an LIV at L4 or distal at 36%, but, aside from this, the groups were similar with regard to health-related quality of life and their scores were not different from normal age-based means 11 . Also encouraging was the report on 115 patients with a 25year follow-up that showed that the serum levels of cobalt and chromium ions were similar in the patients treated with Harrington instrumentation compared with a control group of patients treated with bracing 12 . However, questions with regard to the long-term effect of retained implants continue to generate concern as titanium levels were found to be persistently elevated to 5 times the preoperative level at the 2-year follow-up in a series with more contemporary implants 13 . The impact of this remains unknown but warrants continued study.There remains continued interest in leveraging technology to achieve optimal pedicle screw placement safely and consistently. In a systematic review and meta-analysis by Baldwin et al., screws placed with intraoperative computed tomographic (CT) navigation were determined to be one-third Disclosure: The Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest forms are provided with the online version of the article (http://links.lww.com/JBJS/H355).
“…Aulie et al3 found that 96% of school aged children treated for idiopathic clubfoot with the Ponseti method have normal function when compared with age-matched controls in the same population. Several other studies similarly demonstrated comparable activity levels and have similar patient reported outcome scores when compared with the general pediatric population 4–6. For patients diagnosed in utero, Mahan et al7 found that prenatal counseling of families by an orthopaedic surgeon did not decrease parental anxiety; however, anxiety decreased as treatment progressed.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 91%
“…Several other studies similarly demonstrated comparable activity levels and have similar patient reported outcome scores when compared with the general pediatric population. [4][5][6] For patients diagnosed in utero, Mahan et al 7 found that prenatal counseling of families by an orthopaedic surgeon did not decrease parental anxiety; however, anxiety decreased as treatment progressed.…”
Background:
This paper aims to report on the last 5 years of relevant research on pediatric foot and ankle pathology with specific focus on clubfoot, congenital vertical talus, toe walking, tarsal coalitions, pes planovalgus with or without accessory navicular, foot and ankle trauma, and talar dome osteochondritis dessicans.
Methods:
The Browzine platform was used to review the table of contents for all papers published in the following target journals related to the treatment of pediatric foot and ankle conditions. Search results were further refined to include clinical trials and randomized controlled trials published from March 1, 2015 to November 15, 2021.
Results:
A total of 73 papers were selected for review based on new findings and significant contributions in treatment of clubfoot, congenital vertical talus, toe walking, tarsal coalitions, pes planovalgus with or without accessory navicular, foot and ankle trauma, and talar dome osteochondritis dessicans. Also included were several papers that did not fit into any of these categories but provided new insight into specific foot and ankle pathologies.
Conclusions:
Treatment strategies for children with foot and ankle pathology are continually evolving. We review many of the most recent publications with the goal of improving understanding of these pathologies and highlighting current best practices.
Level of Evidence:
Level III.
“…Relapse patients show multiple structural impairments which contribute to gait issues at the ankle and knee 24,25. Recent studies show lower clinical status in relapse patients compared with nonrelapse patients,26 but after relapse treatment, comparable physical activity was found 27. In the current clubfoot group, 34% of the parents reported additional surgical interventions.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…24,25 Recent studies show lower clinical status in relapse patients compared with nonrelapse patients, 26 but after relapse treatment, comparable physical activity was found. 27 In the current clubfoot group, 34% of the parents reported additional surgical interventions. However, because of the diversity of terminology used to describe interventions, we decided not to use this information to further analyze the data in respect to possible relapse.…”
† § and on behalf of the Dutch Clubfoot CentresBackground: Functioning in children consists of different aspects, including their ability to execute activities and participate in life situations. Several studies on children with clubfeet showed limited motor abilities and walking capacity compared with healthy control children, while other studies showed comparable athletic abilities and gross motor development. Although participation in activities of daily life plays an important role in the development of children, this has not yet been investigated in children with clubfeet. The study aims to determine the level of parents' perceived motor ability and participation in Ponsetitreated children with clubfeet compared with age-matched healthy controls. Methods: Parents of children aged 5 to 9 years with and without idiopathic Ponseti-treated clubfeet were asked to complete an online questionnaire about their child's motor abilities and participation level using the Dutch version of the Assessment of Life Habits for Children (LIFE-H) version 3 to assess participation and the Dutch Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 Checklist (MABC-2 Checklist) to assess motor abilities. Statistical analysis focused on differences between groups and the relationship between motor abilities and level of participation.Results: Questionnaires of 86 children with clubfeet (mean age 7.1, 73% boys) and 62 controls (age 6.7, 53% boys) were analyzed. Despite a large variation, results showed no significant differences between groups on the total scores of the LIFE-H and the MABC-2 Checklist. Children with clubfeet, however, scored lower on Mobility and better on the categories Communication and Responsibility of the LIFE-H. Furthermore, children with clubfeet showed lower scores on the MABC-2 Checklist subscale "movement in a static and/or predictable environment." High levels of the parents' perceived participation correlate with good results, as perceived by the parents, in motor ability. Conclusions: Although differences on some aspects of motor ability and participation existed, children with clubfeet in general showed high levels of parents' perceived motor ability and participation. High levels of participation correlated with good results in motor ability. Level of Evidence: Level II.
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