CLSM and TIRF images from lignocellulosic materials: garlic skin and agave fibers study

Hernández‐Varela, Josué David; Chanona‐Pérez, José Jorge; Benavides, Héctor Calderón; Gallegos-Cerda, Susana Dianey; Victoriano, Lizbeth Gonzalez; Perea-Flores, María de Jesús; López, Maximiliano Campos; Rojas-Candelas, Liliana Edith; Tamato, Benjamín Arrendondo

doi:10.1017/s1431927621006334

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…TIRF uses the evanescent wave generated when the incident light undergoes total internal reflection or a highly inclined laminated optical sheet (HILO) to illuminate only a partial volume smaller than 200 nm, obtaining the dynamic behavior of a single fluorescent molecule [ 65 ] unlike CLSM, which detects the fluorescence emission of the sample from the inner part of the sample. Due to better resolution images, TIRF can be used in conjunction with epifluorescence to characterize lignified fibers and cellular structures [ 108 ].…”

Section: Fluorescence Microscopy Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescence Microscopy Methods for the Analysis and Characterization of Lignin

Maceda

Terrazas

2022

Polymers

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Lignin is one of the most studied and analyzed materials due to its importance in cell structure and in lignocellulosic biomass. Because lignin exhibits autofluorescence, methods have been developed that allow it to be analyzed and characterized directly in plant tissue and in samples of lignocellulose fibers. Compared to destructive and costly analytical techniques, fluorescence microscopy presents suitable alternatives for the analysis of lignin autofluorescence. Therefore, this review article analyzes the different methods that exist and that have focused specifically on the study of lignin because with the revised methods, lignin is characterized efficiently and in a short time. The existing qualitative methods are Epifluorescence and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy; however, other semi-qualitative methods have been developed that allow fluorescence measurements and to quantify the differences in the structural composition of lignin. The methods are fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy, two-photon microscopy, Föster resonance energy transfer, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, total internal reflection fluorescence, and stimulated emission depletion. With these methods, it is possible to analyze the transport and polymerization of lignin monomers, distribution of lignin of the syringyl or guaiacyl type in the tissues of various plant species, and changes in the degradation of wood by pulping and biopulping treatments as well as identify the purity of cellulose nanofibers though lignocellulosic biomass.

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Section: Fluorescence Microscopy Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescence Microscopy Methods for the Analysis and Characterization of Lignin

Maceda

Terrazas

2022

Polymers

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“…Superficial analyses can be undertaken to reduce the damage in samples (Oheim et al, 2019), reaching high magnification texture details that are not visible in CLSM. One example is an investigation by (Hernández-Varela et al, 2021b) that compares the cellular details in garlic cells obtained in CLSM and TIRF microscopy, which can yield a high detail level in the cell wall of samples. On the other hand, figure 6b2 shows structured illumination microscopy or SIM, which is a technique that uses wide illumination in samples.…”

Section: Superresolution Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of advanced microscopy techniques for the development of nanotechnology in agriculture, food, and the environment

Gallegos-Cerda¹,

Hernández‐Varela²,

Arredondo-Tamayo³

et al. 2022

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Microscopy techniques are essential for understanding the structure of materials of interest in agriculture, food, and the environment. These techniques can be classified according to their operating principles, such as fluorescence, electron, and probe scanning. Their complementary techniques provide specific advantages in the characterization of materials in the above mentioned fields. These approaches facilitate the characterization of the structure and morphology at nanometric and atomic scales of different materials through high-resolution images, as well as the analysis of important characteristics related to the composition and distribution of specific components. In this work, detailed descriptions are given of the operation principles of light microscopy (LM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), superresolution microscopy (SRM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A compilation of operating principles is presented along with examples obtained with advanced microscopy techniques applied to the afore mentioned areas. In addition, the preparation of the samples to obtain the final images is described in order to explain the interaction of the sample with the modes of operation for each technique. This review provides an overview of microscopy techniques used in various fields of nanotechnology, including agriculture, food, and the environment.

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Windmill grass (Chloris spp.) as a non‐wood source of cellulose for reinforcement of starch films

Flores‐Martínez,

Cruz‐Rodríguez,

Arredondo‐Tamayo

et al. 2024

Polymer Composites

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Nowadays, non‐timber sources are of greater interest as they avoid deforestation and the pollution which occurs with cellulose obtention. An emerging alternative is using weeds such as windmill grass (Chloris spp.) to isolate cellulose since the plant grows in large quantities near crops or landfills used for farming. The present study aims to explore windmill grass as an alternative source of cellulose for applications as reinforcement in biopolymeric matrices. Treatment was conducted using the peroxyformic pulping method, varying the formic acid (FA) and hydrogen peroxide (HP) concentration to obtain an optimum cellulose extraction condition. The isolated celluloses were analyzed for chemical composition, yield, chemical functionality, crystallinity, and morphology. The optimum pulping condition (FA = 87.5%, HP = 3%) shows the gradual removal of non‐cellulosic components by microscopy. X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed a high crystallinity index (89.63%) with a characteristic cellulose type I pattern. To evaluate the reinforced effect of Chloris spp. celluloses, film formulations were made using sweet potato starch, glycerol, and cellulose at different concentrations (2.5, 5.0, and 7.5% w/w). The films' mechanical, physicochemical, and thermal properties were measured, and results indicate that adding cellulose fibers significantly improves these properties of sweet potato starch films, revealing further applications and non‐wood windmill grass added value with potential applications in the packaging sector.Highlights Windmill grass (Chloris spp.) is presented as a non‐wood source of cellulose. The peroxyformic method is reported as a less polluting cellulose extraction process. Optimal cellulose pulp presents enhanced physicochemical properties after bleaching. Cellulose‐reinforced sweet potato starch films exhibit a stable biopolymeric matrix. The films produced show enhanced water barrier and mechanical/thermal properties.

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CLSM and TIRF images from lignocellulosic materials: garlic skin and agave fibers study

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

Fluorescence Microscopy Methods for the Analysis and Characterization of Lignin

Fluorescence Microscopy Methods for the Analysis and Characterization of Lignin

A review of advanced microscopy techniques for the development of nanotechnology in agriculture, food, and the environment

Windmill grass (Chloris spp.) as a non‐wood source of cellulose for reinforcement of starch films

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