Cloudiness changes in Cracow in the 20th Century

Matuszko, Dorota

doi:10.1002/joc.887

Cited by 34 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Finally, other studies focusing only on one station reported an increase in TCC since the late 19th or the beginning of the 20th centuries: i.e. in Cracow, Poland (Matuszko, 2003;Lewik et al, 2010); in Armagh, Ireland (Pallé and Butler, 2002b); and in Northeastern Spain (Curto et al, 2009). In this latter study, the authors reported a change of around 2 oktas (i.e.…”

Section: A Sanchez-lorenzo Et Al: Increasing Cloud Cover In the 20tmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Similar trends were confirmed by Croke et al (1999) using a subset of the TCC series for three regions of the US during the 1900-1987 period. Equally, for Canada a systematic increase in TCC was reported between 1901and 1982(McGuffie and Henderson-Sellers, 1988HendersonSellers and McGuffie, 1989;Henderson-Sellers, 1989). The observed trend (about 8 % over the period considered) is slightly lower than for the US, but a sharp increase is also visible in the 1930s-1950s subperiod.…”

Section: A Review Of the Tcc Trends Before The Second Half Of The 20tmentioning

confidence: 80%

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Increasing cloud cover in the 20th century: review and new findings in Spain

2012

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Abstract. Visual observations of clouds have been performed since the establishment of meteorological observatories during the early instrumental period, and have become more systematic and reliable after the mid-19th century due to the establishment of the first national weather services. During the last decades a large number of studies have documented the trends of the total cloud cover (TCC) and cloudy types; most of these studies focus on the trends since the second half of the 20th century. Due to the lower reliability of former observations, and the fact that most of this data is not accessible in digital format, there is a lack of studies focusing on the trends of cloudiness since the mid-19th century. In the first part, this work attempts to review previous studies analyzing TCC changes with information covering at least the first half of the 20th century. Then, the study analyses a database of cloudiness observations in Southern Europe (Spain) since the second half of the 19th century. Specifically, monthly TCC series were reconstructed since 1866 by means of a so-called parameter of cloudiness, calculated from the number of cloudless and overcast days. These estimated TCC series show a high interannual and decadal correlation with the observed TCC series originally measured in oktas. After assessing the temporal homogeneity of the estimated TCC series, the mean annual and seasonal series for the whole of Spain and several subregions were calculated. The mean annual TCC shows a general tendency to increase from the beginning of the series until the 1960s; at this point, the trend becomes negative. The linear trend for the annual mean series, estimated over the 1866-2010 period, is a highly remarkable (and statistically significant) increase of +0.44 % per decade, which implies an overall increase of more than +6 % during the analyzed period. These results are in line with the majority of the trends observed in many areas of the world in previous studies, especially for the records before the 1950s when a widespread increase of TCC can been considered as a common feature.

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Section: A Sanchez-lorenzo Et Al: Increasing Cloud Cover In the 20tmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: A Review Of the Tcc Trends Before The Second Half Of The 20tmentioning

confidence: 80%

Increasing cloud cover in the 20th century: review and new findings in Spain

2012

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“…Changes in the observation period are another source of the lack of data homogeneity (Matuszko, 2003). However, a 1-h difference does not distort a 24-h picture of cloud cover.…”

Section: Data Source and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of cloudiness on sunshine duration

Matuszko

2011

Intl Journal of Climatology

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This paper analyzes the influence of cloudiness and cloud genera on sunshine duration based on a very long homogeneous daily nephological and sunshine duration data series for the City of Krakow. Quadratic regression was used to describe the relationship between sunshine duration and cloudiness. It has been shown that cloudiness affects sunshine duration the most in June and July, and the least in December, January and February. High clouds (Cirrus, Cirrostratus, Cirrocumulus) do not interrupt the recording of sunshine duration even when they completely cover the sky. Layered clouds such as Stratus and Nimbostratus, on the other hand, do not transmit solar radiation at all. The degree of influence of different cloud genera on sunshine duration changes very little from season to season and with respect to the position of the Sun over the horizon. When the Sun is positioned higher over the horizon, clouds are less able to weaken solar radiation, resulting in larger sunshine duration values. This is especially true with respect to the following clouds: Cirrus, Cirrostratus and Cumulus. It has been shown that daytime sunshine duration patterns can be a very good indicator of cloud type and cloudiness variability. Copyright  2011 Royal Meteorological Society KEY WORDS cloudiness; cloud cover; cloud genera; sunshine duration; solar radiation; Krakow Received 24 May 2010; Revised 25 April 2011; Accepted 26 April 2011The relationship between sunshine duration and cloudiness is so obvious that it seems that there is no need to analyze it. Yet the mechanism of the impact of cloud cover on the duration of solar radiation is very complex and has not been fully analyzed to date. The climatologic literature usually treats the impact of cloudiness on sunshine duration in terms of the extent of cloud cover without taking into account the different possible cloud genera. Yet simple measurements and observations indicate that even when the sky is overcast with high clouds (e.g. Cirrostratus), solar radiation still reaches the surface of the Earth without impediment. On the other hand, layered low and middle clouds (e.g. Nimbostratus) impede direct radiation. In both cases, the sky is reported as overcast (8/8), which suggests a lack of recorded evidence of sunshine.The problem of the differential absorption and transmission of solar radiation energy by various genera of clouds, despite its fundamental significance in climate science, has not been adequately addressed thus far in the scientific literature. This may be because of the fact that clouds change constantly, thus it is challenging to adequately determine their physical properties. Groundbased weather stations report only visual cloud observations and measure the height of the cloud base. Within one such climatologic observation, several genera and species of clouds may be present at the same time, which * Correspondence to: Dorota Matuszko, Institute of Geography and Spatial Management, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, impedes the measurement of h...

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“…The St clouds form a full cloud cover. They are among the cloud types with the highest share (13%) of the overall cloudiness in Kraków (Matuszko, 2003) and yield a very low intensity drizzle. During wintertime, in the morning hours, an additional impulse to increase the energy of instability may be provided by the fog that is often encountered in the Vistula valley.…”

Section: Relation Between Diurnal Cycle and Precipitation Typementioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal characteristics of diurnal precipitation variation in Kraków (South Poland)

Twardosz¹

2006

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Abstract:This paper describes the diurnal cycle of liquid precipitation using the amplitude and phase of two precipitation characteristics: frequency and totals. A uniquely long set of uniform hourly precipitation data from Kraków (South Poland) was used. This vast and reliable basic material was collected by the author using pluviographic data covering the period 1886-2002. The role of precipitation type in forming the general diurnal cycle of precipitation was discussed. Two precipitation types, frontal and air mass, were taken into consideration. The role of particular air masses (polar maritime and polar continental) and atmospheric fronts (warm and cold fronts) in the 24-h precipitation cycle was determined. The frontal and air mass precipitation events were identified using a documentation of synoptic situations by Niedźwiedź over the area of southern Poland for the 1951-2002 period.Depending on the precipitation characteristic (frequency or totals), season of the year and precipitation type, the diurnal precipitation cycle may have one or two modes. The bimodality of the distribution occurs mainly for air mass precipitation. The morning maximum of precipitation frequency in all seasons of the year mimics the diurnal variation of precipitation in maritime polar air masses. Precipitation concentration in the afternoon hours is determined mainly by the intensity of processes in the cold front zone and in the homogeneous polar continental and maritime air masses. Significant differences in precipitation distribution in cold and warm fronts are connected with the time of precipitation concentration within the diurnal period. The type of atmospheric front determines the layout of precipitation clouds, intensity of precipitation formation and the velocity of front movement.

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Cloudiness changes in Cracow in the 20th Century

Cited by 34 publications

References 4 publications

Increasing cloud cover in the 20th century: review and new findings in Spain

Increasing cloud cover in the 20th century: review and new findings in Spain

Influence of cloudiness on sunshine duration

Seasonal characteristics of diurnal precipitation variation in Kraków (South Poland)

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