Cloud residues and interstitial aerosols from non-precipitating clouds over an industrial and urban area in northern China

Li, Weijun; Li, Peiren; Sun, Guode; Zhou, Shengzhen; Yuan, Qi; Wang, Wenxing

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.02.044

Cited by 58 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The ambient pressure was 830 hPa (826-842 hPa) during the measurements and the calibration. Particles measured by SPAMS mostly fell within the size range of vacuum aerodynamic diameter (d va ) 0.2-2.0 µm (L. Li et al, 2011).…”

Section: Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although scientists have worked to increase our understanding of an emissions inventory and the temporal and spatial variation of atmospheric aerosols in China (X. Y. , few studies have employed direct observation of the chemical composition and mixing state of cloud or fog droplets. W. Li et al (2011) utilized transmission electron microscopy to obtain the mixing state of individual ambient particles during cloud events at Mount Tai in northern China. This result showed that sulfate-related salts dominated in larger particles.…”

Section: Q Lin Et Al: a Ground-based Counterflow Virtual Impactor Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A detailed operational principle of the SPAMS has been described elsewhere (L. Li et al, 2011). Briefly, aerosol particles are drawn into SPAMS through a critical orifice.…”

Section: Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In situ chemical composition measurement of individual cloud residue particles at a mountain site, southern China

et al. 2017

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Abstract. To investigate how atmospheric aerosol particles interact with chemical composition of cloud droplets, a ground-based counterflow virtual impactor (GCVI) coupled with a real-time single-particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS) was used to assess the chemical composition and mixing state of individual cloud residue particles in the Nanling Mountains (1690 m a.s.l.), southern China, in January 2016. The cloud residues were classified into nine particle types: aged elemental carbon (EC), potassium-rich (K-rich), amine, dust, Pb, Fe, organic carbon (OC), sodiumrich (Na-rich) and "Other". The largest fraction of the total cloud residues was the aged EC type (49.3 %), followed by the K-rich type (33.9 %). Abundant aged EC cloud residues that mixed internally with inorganic salts were found in air masses from northerly polluted areas. The number fraction (NF) of the K-rich cloud residues increased within southwesterly air masses from fire activities in Southeast Asia. When air masses changed from northerly polluted areas to southwesterly ocean and livestock areas, the amine particles increased from 0.2 to 15.1 % of the total cloud residues. The dust, Fe, Pb, Na-rich and OC particle types had a low contribution (0.5-4.1 %) to the total cloud residues. Higher fraction of nitrate (88-89 %) was found in the dust and Na-rich cloud residues relative to sulfate (41-42 %) and ammonium (15-23 %). Higher intensity of nitrate was found in the cloud residues relative to the ambient particles. Compared with nonactivated particles, nitrate intensity decreased in all cloud residues except for dust type. To our knowledge, this study is the first report on in situ observation of the chemical composition and mixing state of individual cloud residue particles in China.

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Section: Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Q Lin Et Al: a Ground-based Counterflow Virtual Impactor Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In situ chemical composition measurement of individual cloud residue particles at a mountain site, southern China

et al. 2017

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“…Zhou et al (2009) found higher scavenging rates for sulfate, nitrate, and BC than those for organics at Mount Tai in northern China. At the same site, 92 % of the cloud residual particles were attributed to sulfate-related salts (Li et al, 2011a). In contrast, the chemical compositions of the original CCN could be altered after the evaporation of the cloud droplets through the effective formation of secondary aerosol compositions during cloud processing (Hayden et al, 2008;Herrmann et al, 2015;Roth et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The single-particle mixing state and cloud scavenging of black carbon: a case study at a high-altitude mountain site in southern China

et al. 2017

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Abstract. In the present study, a ground-based counterflow virtual impactor (GCVI) was used to sample cloud droplet residual (cloud RES) particles, while a parallel PM 2.5 inlet was used to sample cloud-free or cloud interstitial (cloud INT) particles. The mixing state of black carbon (BC)-containing particles and the mass concentrations of BC in the cloud-free, RES and INT particles were investigated using a single-particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS) and two aethalometers, respectively, at a mountain site (1690 m a.s.l.) in southern China. The measured BCcontaining particles were extensively internally mixed with sulfate and were scavenged into cloud droplets (with number fractions of 0.05-0.45) to a similar (or slightly lower) extent as all the measured particles (0.07-0.6) over the measured size range of 0.1-1.6 µm. The results indicate the preferential activation of larger particles and/or that the production of secondary compositions shifts the BC-containing particles towards larger sizes. BC-containing particles with an abundance of both sulfate and organics were scavenged less than those with sulfate but limited organics, implying the importance of the mixing state on the incorporation of BCcontaining particles into cloud droplets. The mass scavenging efficiency of BC with an average of 33 % was similar for different cloud events independent of the air mass. This is the first time that both the mixing state and cloud scavenging of BC in China have been reported. Our results would improve the knowledge on the concentration, mixing state, and cloud scavenging of BC in the free troposphere.

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“…However, such studies have not been conducted to investigate the in-cloud formation of oxalate. Investigation on the single particle mixing state of cloud/fog RES and interstitial (cloud INT) particles would provide unique insight into the formation and aging processes of aerosol compositions (Pratt et al, 2010;Li et al, 2011b;Zhang et al, 2012;Bi et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight into the in-cloud formation of oxalate based on in situ measurement by single particle mass spectrometry

et al. 2017

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Abstract. While ground-based works suggest the significance of in-cloud production (or aqueous formation) to oxalate, direct evidence is rare. With the in situ measurements performed at a remote mountain site (1690 m above sea level) in southern China, we first reported the size-resolved mixing state of oxalate in the cloud droplet residual (cloud RES), the cloud interstitial (cloud INT), and ambient (cloud-free) particles by single particle mass spectrometry. The results support the growing evidence that in-cloud aqueous reactions promote the formation of oxalate, with ∼ 15 % of the cloud RES and cloud INT particles containing oxalate in contrast to only ∼ 5 % of the cloud-free particles. Furthermore, individual particle analysis provides unique insight into the formation of oxalate during in-cloud processing. Oxalate was predominantly (> 70 % in number) internally mixed with the aged biomass-burning particles, highlighting the impact of biomass burning on the formation of oxalate. In contrast, oxalate was underrepresented in aged elemental carbon particles, although they represented the largest fraction of the detected particles. It can be interpreted by the individual particle mixing state that the aged biomass-burning particles contained an abundance of organic components serving as precursors for oxalate. Through the analysis of the relationship between oxalate and organic acids (−45 [HCO 2 , the results show that in-cloud aqueous reactions dramatically improved the conversion of organic acids to oxalate. The abundance of glyoxylate associated with the aged biomassburning particles is a controlling factor for the in-cloud production of oxalate. Since only limited information on oxalate is available in the free troposphere, the results also provide an important reference for future understanding of the abundance, evolution, and climate impacts of oxalate.

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Cloud residues and interstitial aerosols from non-precipitating clouds over an industrial and urban area in northern China

Cited by 58 publications

References 35 publications

In situ chemical composition measurement of individual cloud residue particles at a mountain site, southern China

In situ chemical composition measurement of individual cloud residue particles at a mountain site, southern China

The single-particle mixing state and cloud scavenging of black carbon: a case study at a high-altitude mountain site in southern China

Insight into the in-cloud formation of oxalate based on in situ measurement by single particle mass spectrometry

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