Cloud properties and radiative effects of the Asian summer monsoon derived from A‐Train data

Berry, Elizabeth; Mace, Gerald G.

doi:10.1002/2014jd021458

Cited by 83 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(99 reference statements)

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“…The observed differences in net radiative effect can be ascribed to the different lidar ratio. Overall, the results here complement the work of Berry and Mace (2014), who first recognized the significance of optically thin cirrus influencing the net normalized term so significantly.…”

Section: Singapore (2010-2011)supporting

confidence: 85%

Technical note: Fu–Liou–Gu and Corti–Peter model performance evaluation for radiative retrievals from cirrus clouds

et al. 2017

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Abstract. We compare, for the first time, the performance of a simplified atmospheric radiative transfer algorithm package, the Corti-Peter (CP) model, versus the more complex Fu-Liou-Gu (FLG) model, for resolving top-of-theatmosphere radiative forcing characteristics from singlelayer cirrus clouds obtained from the NASA Micro-Pulse Lidar Network database in 2010 and 2011 at Singapore and in Greenbelt, Maryland, USA, in 2012. Specifically, CP simplifies calculation of both clear-sky longwave and shortwave radiation through regression analysis applied to radiative calculations, which contributes significantly to differences between the two. The results of the intercomparison show that differences in annual net top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) cloud radiative forcing can reach 65 %. This is particularly true when land surface temperatures are warmer than 288 K, where the CP regression analysis becomes less accurate. CP proves useful for first-order estimates of TOA cirrus cloud forcing, but may not be suitable for quantitative accuracy, including the absolute sign of cirrus cloud daytime TOA forcing that can readily oscillate around zero globally.

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Section: Singapore (2010-2011)supporting

confidence: 85%

Technical note: Fu–Liou–Gu and Corti–Peter model performance evaluation for radiative retrievals from cirrus clouds

et al. 2017

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“…These crystals form anvil clouds, which spread over surface areas much larger than the deep convective cores from which they originate (Protopapadaki et al, ). Their combination of a moderate CRE and frequent occurrence makes detrained ice clouds the radiatively most important high cloud type in the tropics (Berry & Mace, ; Hartmann & Berry, ). Moreover, previous observational and modeling studies have shown that at least 50% of all ubiquitous tropical thin cirrus directly originates from deep convective sources (Gasparini et al, ; Gehlot & Quaas, ; Luo & Rossow, ; Massie et al, ; Riihimaki et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Drives the Life Cycle of Tropical Anvil Clouds?

Gasparini

Blossey

Hartmann

et al. 2019

J Adv Model Earth Syst

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The net radiative effects of tropical clouds are determined by the evolution of thick, freshly detrained anvil clouds into thin anvil clouds. Thick anvil clouds reduce Earth's energy balance and cool the climate, while thin anvil clouds warm the climate. To determine role of these clouds in climate change we need to understand how interactions of their microphysical and macrophysical properties control their radiative properties. We explore anvil cloud evolution using a cloud‐resolving model in three‐simulation setups of increasing complexity to disentangle the impacts of the various components of diabatic heating and their interaction with cloud‐scale motions. The first phase of evolution and rapid cloud spreading is dominated by latent heating within convective updrafts. After the convective detrainment stops, most of the spreading and thinning of the anvil cloud is driven by cloud radiative processes and latent heating. The combination of radiative cooling at cloud top, latent cooling due to sublimation at cloud base, latent heating due to deposition and radiative heating in between leads to a sandwich‐like, cooling‐heating‐cooling structure. The heating sandwich promotes the development of two within‐anvil convective layers and a double cell circulation, dominated by strong outflow at 12‐km altitude with inflow above and below. Our study reveals how small‐scale processes including convective, microphysical processes, latent and radiative heating interact within the anvil cloud system. The absence or a different representation of only one component results in a significantly different cloud evolution with large impacts on cloud radiative effects.

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“…For low optical thickness, the net cloud radiative forcing (RF) from cirrus is often positive at top of the atmosphere (TOA) but negative at the surface (Ackerman et al, 1988;Stackhouse and Stephens, 1991;Fu and Liou, 1993;Jensen et al, 1994;Rossow and Zhang, 1995;Meerkötter et al, 1999;Kvalevåg and Myhre, 2007;Dietmüller et al, 2008;Allan, 2011;Berry and Mace, 2014;Hong et al, 2016). For well-mixed greenhouse gases, a positive RF implies a global warming Hansen et al, 1997a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Initial conditions prescribe temperature and composition profiles for the midlatitude summer standard atmosphere without aerosols (Anderson et al, 1986), see Fig. 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of surface temperature to radiative forcing by contrail cirrus in a radiative-mixing model

Schumann

Mayer²

2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Earth's surface temperature sensitivity to radiative forcing (RF) by contrail cirrus and the related RF efficacy relative to CO 2 are investigated in a one-dimensional idealized model of the atmosphere. The model includes energy transport by shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) radiation and by mixing in an otherwise fixed reference atmosphere (no other feedbacks). Mixing includes convective adjustment and turbulent diffusion, where the latter is related to the vertical component of mixing by large-scale eddies. The conceptual study shows that the surface temperature sensitivity to given contrail RF depends strongly on the timescales of energy transport by mixing and radiation. The timescales are derived for steady layered heating (ghost forcing) and for a transient contrail cirrus case. The radiative timescales are shortest at the surface and shorter in the troposphere than in the midstratosphere. Without mixing, a large part of the energy induced into the upper troposphere by radiation due to contrails or similar disturbances gets lost to space before it can contribute to surface warming. Because of the different radiative forcing at the surface and at top of atmosphere (TOA) and different radiative heating rate profiles in the troposphere, the local surface temperature sensitivity to stratosphere-adjusted RF is larger for SW than for LW contrail forcing. Without mixing, the surface energy budget is more important for surface warming than the TOA budget. Hence, surface warming by contrails is smaller than suggested by the net RF at TOA. For zero mixing, cooling by contrails cannot be excluded. This may in part explain low efficacy values for contrails found in previous global circulation model studies. Possible implications of this study are discussed. Since the results of this study are model dependent, they should be tested with a comprehensive climate model in the future.

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Cloud properties and radiative effects of the Asian summer monsoon derived from A‐Train data

Cited by 83 publications

References 65 publications

Technical note: Fu–Liou–Gu and Corti–Peter model performance evaluation for radiative retrievals from cirrus clouds

Technical note: Fu–Liou–Gu and Corti–Peter model performance evaluation for radiative retrievals from cirrus clouds

What Drives the Life Cycle of Tropical Anvil Clouds?

Sensitivity of surface temperature to radiative forcing by contrail cirrus in a radiative-mixing model

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