Cloud point of nonionic surfactant Triton X-45 in aqueous solution

Wang, Zhilong; Xu, Jian‐He; Zhang, Wenzhi; Zhuang, Baohua; Qi, Haifeng

doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2007.07.013

Cited by 82 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…For Triton X-100, ambient temperature also appeared to be above the Krafft point as the prepared solutions were transparent. However, the solution with Triton X-45 was milky at room temperature in accordance with a reported Krafft point of 35°C [13]. At higher temperatures, the Tritons can again become insoluble at the cloud point, which is reported to be 38°C for Triton X-45, and 64-68.5°C for Triton X-100 [11,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…However, the solution with Triton X-45 was milky at room temperature in accordance with a reported Krafft point of 35°C [13]. At higher temperatures, the Tritons can again become insoluble at the cloud point, which is reported to be 38°C for Triton X-45, and 64-68.5°C for Triton X-100 [11,13]. The impregnation was carried out by dripping an excess of the solution onto the sample and drying in a vacuum chamber, before heating abruptly to 300°C to form the GDC phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Therefore, a significant spread in the reported values exists. The reported CMC values for Triton X-100 are between 0.103 and 0.6 mg/mL [11][12][13][14][15], for Triton X-45 between 0.04 and 0.057 mg/mL [13][14][15], and for P123 between 0.04 and 0.4 mg/mL [16,17]. The solutions were prepared at ambient temperature, which is believed to be above the Krafft temperature for P123, where self-assembly is observed [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of impregnated GDC nano structures and their functionality in LSM based cathodes

Klemensø¹,

Chatzichristodoulou²,

Nielsen³

et al. 2012

Solid State Ionics

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Porous composite cathodes of LSM-YSZ (lanthanum strontium manganite and yttria stabilized zirconia) were impregnated with GDC (gadolinia doped ceria) nano particles. The impregnation process was varied using none or different surfactants (Triton X-45, Triton X-100, P123), and the quantity of impregnated GDC was varied via the precursor concentration and number of impregnation cycles. The obtained structures were characterized with Kr and N 2 adsorption/desorption isotherms, mercury intrusion porosimetry, in-situ high temperature X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The performance of the impregnated LSM-YSZ cathode was correlated with the GDC load, and the density and connectivity of the GDC phase, whereas crystallite size and surface area appeared less significant. The impregnated GDC was indicated to be preferentially situated on the LSM phase and the LSM grain boundaries. The observations suggest that the improved performance associated with GDC nano particles is related to the particles placed near the TPB (triple phase boundary) zone. The GDC extends the TPB by creating an ionic conducting network on top of the LSM particles and on top of the insulating low conducting zirconates at the LSM-YSZ interface.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Characterization of impregnated GDC nano structures and their functionality in LSM based cathodes

Klemensø¹,

Chatzichristodoulou²,

Nielsen³

et al. 2012

Solid State Ionics

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show abstract

“…La temperatura del punto de nube fue controlada a través de un termopar (Salvterm 700K-SALCAS). El punto de nube fue establecido a través de las medidas de las temperaturas durante el proceso de calentamiento y resfriamiento de la solución (Wang et al, 2008;Schrader et al,2013). Para efecto de confirmación del punto de nube, las soluciones fueron resfriadas hasta que se tornasen límpidas (Wang y Feng 2010) nuevamente y después fueron calentadas hasta alcanzar la temperatura de nube con el propósito de confirmación.…”

Section: Materiales Y Metodosunclassified

Determinación De Los Parámetros Del Modelo De Flory-Huggins Para Estimación Del Punto De Nube De Surfactantes No Iónicos

et al. 2014

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* autor a quién debe ser dirigida la correspondenciaRecibido Ago. 26, 2013; Aceptado Oct. 9, 2013; Versión final recibida Dic. 1, 2013 Resumen Se ha determinado los puntos de nube de distintos surfactantes polietoxilados y se han caliculado de parámetros termodinámicos como entalpía y entropía de la mezcla utilizando el modelo de Flory-Huggins. Los surfactantes no iónicos son compuestos que pueden ser utilizados como promotores de separación en procesos tales como extracción. Este proceso de separación es basado en un fenómeno químico que ocurre cuando una solución de surfactantes no iónico es sometida al calentamiento, aumentando la temperatura hasta quedar turbia. La temperatura en este momento se denominada punto de nube. La metodología experimental consideró tanto la preparación de soluciones de 0.25 hasta 20% en masa para cada surfactante estudiado y el calentamiento hasta alcanzar el punto de nube. Los parámetros en el modelo de Flory-Huggins fueron obtenidos usando el método de Levenberg-Marquardt y presentan un ajuste satisfactorio a los datos experimentales para todos los surfactantes estudiados en este trabajo. Palabras clave: Levenberg-Marquardt, surfactantes no iónico, Punto de nube, Grado de etoxilación, modelo Flory-Huggins Determination of the Parameters of the Flory-Huggins Model to estimate the Cloud Point of Nonionic Surfactants AbstractThe cloud point of different polyethoxylated surfactants have been experimentally determined and thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy and entropy of mixing using the Flory-Huggins model have been determined. The non-ionic surfactants are compounds that can be used as separation aid in processes such as extraction. This separation process is based on a chemical phenomenon that occurs when a solution of non-ionic surfactants is subjected to warming, increasing the temperature until getting a turbid liquid. The temperature at this point is known as the cloud point. The experimental methodology considered the preparation of solutions of 0.25 to 20% by mass for each surfactant studied and the heating process until reaching the cloud point. The parameters in the Flory-Huggins model were obtained using the Levenberg-Marquardt method and presented a satisfactory adjustment to the experimental data for all the surfactants studied in this work.

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“…Cooling the solutions until they become clear again checked the reproducibility of this temperature (14) .…”

Section: Cloud Pointmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Nonionic Surfactants by Treating Some Petroleum Derivatives

2012

Egypt. J. Chem.

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Cloud point of nonionic surfactant Triton X-45 in aqueous solution

Cited by 82 publications

References 15 publications

Characterization of impregnated GDC nano structures and their functionality in LSM based cathodes

Characterization of impregnated GDC nano structures and their functionality in LSM based cathodes

Determinación De Los Parámetros Del Modelo De Flory-Huggins Para Estimación Del Punto De Nube De Surfactantes No Iónicos

Synthesis of Nonionic Surfactants by Treating Some Petroleum Derivatives

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