Cloud point extraction combined with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry for the speciation of antimony(III) and antimony(V) in food packaging materials

Flow Chemiluminescence Determination of Antimony(III,V) Using a Rhodamine B-Cetyltrimethylammonium Chloride Reversed Micelle System Following Liquid-Liquid Extraction

“…In order to determine low concentrations of antimony, many methods based on different principles have been proposed. [1][2][3][4][5][6] However, most of the reported methods lack either selectivity or sensitivity.…”

A Flow Method for Chemiluminescence Determination of Antimony(III) and Antimony(V) Using a Rhodamine B-Cetyltrimethylammonium Chloride Reversed Micelle System Following On-Line Extraction

“…1 On the other hand, this metalloid is one of the toxic and potentially hazardous elements with unknown biological functions and has been listed as a priority pollutant by the US Environmental Protection Agency and the German Research Community. 2 The physicochemical and toxic properties of antimony strongly depend on its binding and oxidation state rather than total concentration.…”

“…3 For the speciation of Sb(III) and Sb(V), various separation techniques such as cloud point extraction, 1,3,4 liquid-liquid extraction, 5 column separation, 6 and solid phase extraction 7 have been employed. The most often-used instrumental techniques for the determination of antimony following the separation are electrothermal and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometries, 1,5,6 inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, 8 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, 7 and electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. 3,4 Although they have good sensitivity, these instruments are complicated, must be operated by highly technically trained personnel and are expensive.…”

Spectrophotometric Determination of Trace Amounts of Eosin B Dye after Cloud Point Extraction

“…CPE method has been successfully employed for the preconcentration of metal ions [9][10][11][12] and organic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [13][14][15] , polychlorinated compounds 16 , vitamins [17][18][19] , dyes [20][21][22] and biomaterials 23 . CPE method can be easily combined with several analytical methods such as spectral [24][25][26] , inductively coupled plasma (ICP) 27 , atomic absorption 28,29 , chromatographic 30,31 , flow injection 32 . Also, the auxiliary techniques was coupled with this method, some of these are: ultrasonic-assisted cloud point extraction (UA-CPE) 33 , microwave-assisted cloud point extraction (MA-CPE) 34 , stirring-assisted cloud point extraction (SA-CPE) 35 and solvent floatation spectrophotometry 36 .…”