Cloud Point Extraction and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Determination of Lead (II) in Environmental and Food Samples

Abstract

A cloud point extraction procedure for the preconcentration of Pb2+ in various samples following complexation with 2,2'-(1E,1'E)-1,1'-(2,2'-azanediylbis(ethane-2,1-diyl)bis(azan-1-yl-1-ylidene)) bis(ethan-1-yl-1-ylidene)diphenol in Triton X-114 after centrifugation is reported. A 0.5 mL portion of methanol acidified with 1.0 M HNO3 was added to the surfactant-rich phase prior to analysis by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The influence of analytical parameters--including pH, concentrations of ligand, Triton X-114, and HNO3, bath temperature, heating time, and centrifugation rate and time--were optimized, and the effect of the matrix ions on the recovery of Pb2+ was investigated. An LOD of 1.9 ng/mL along with a preconcentration factor of 50 with RSD of 1.0% for Pb2+ were achieved. The proposed procedure was applied to the analysis of various real samples.

Synthesis of bimetallic Fe–Zn nanoparticles and its application towards adsorptive removal of carcinogenic dye malachite green and Congo red in water

“…Hence, an urgent need to treat dye-containing wastewater effluents prior to discharge into nearby bodies of water exists. Several physicochemical methods such as cloud point extraction [4][5][6][7], membrane filtration, and adsorption [2,8] have been tested to remove pollutants from industrial effluents; many of these methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. Activated carbon adsorption has become popular to remove dyes because of cost, the relative simplicity of the design, ease of operation and insensitivity to toxic substances.…”

An Inexpensive and Sensitive Method for Speciative Determination of Sn(IV), Sn(II), and Total Sn as Sn(IV) in Selected Beverages by Micellar Improved Spectrophotometry

“…The main advantages of CPE to other separation techniques are cheap, simplicity, lower toxicity to the environment, high recoveries, and high concentration factors (Candir et al 2008). Cloud point temperature is defined as the temperature that micelles are formed and became turbid of surfactants in aqueous solution (Soylak et al 2012). Above the temperature, the micellar solution is separated into two phases that a surfactant-rich phase of a small volume and a dilute aqueous phase.…”

Synthesis and Characterization of High-Purity Mesoporous Alumina with Excellent Adsorption Capacity for Congo Red

“…In addition, it can seriously affect kidney function, the reproductive system, liver function, the brain and central nervous system and eventually cause allergic reactions [ 23 ] to water quality or even cancer. Given China’s emphasis on environmental protection and the gradual increase in national awareness of environmental protection, a large number of technical means of eliminating the impact of pigments on people’s lives and the environment have been widely studied—for instance, turbidity point extraction [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ], precipitation [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ], membrane filtration [ 33 , 34 ], adsorption [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ] and photocatalytic degradation [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ]. Among them, adsorption has become the main treatment method for textile industry wastewater, with many advantages, such as low material price, little required equipment, a simple treatment process and superior treatment effects; thus, it is widely used.…”