Cloud Morphology Over Three Indian Tropical Stations for Earth Space Communication

Sarkar, S. K.; Kumar, Anil; Ahmad, Iqbal; Gupta, M. M.

doi:10.1007/s10762-006-9046-2

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In [4], it was mentioned that the values of K c for salt-water droplets (over the sea and ocean surfaces) are higher. The necessity to know M value is limiting the direct use of relationship (1).…”

Section: Calculation Of the Specific Cloud Attenuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using approximation for the specific cloud attenuation in [1,2,[7][8][9], the specific cloud attenuation was expressed as…”

Section: Calculation Of the Specific Cloud Attenuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The direct use of models mentioned above is limited in our case: the use of models of [1,2,[7][8][9] requires the knowledge of the values of cloud temperature and water content; there has been no possibility to measure the vertical profiles of pressure, temperature, and humidity with the radiosondes, and the use of model [10] has been restricted; the model [11] can be used at frequencies between 4 and 35 GHz, although the best accuracy will be found between 10 and 30 GHz. The empirical equation (3) has been derived for a cloud temperature of 10 • C and is suitable to use under climate conditions similar to the Boston climate.…”

Section: Calculation Of the Specific Cloud Attenuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The impairments, such as rain attenuation and cloud attenuation, become increasingly important with increasing operating frequency [1]. It is important to predict the possible attenuation due to rain and clouds when new communication systems are projected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This factor must be considered when analysing rain attenuation and cloud attenuation. The cloud attenuation in various regions was analysed in [1,2,[7][8][9][10][11][12]. The attenuation of radio waves due to rain under Lithuanian climatic conditions was analysed in [13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of clouds on attenuation of electromagnetic waves

Tamošiūnaitė¹

2008

Lithuanian J. Phys

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The semi-empirical method for determination of the cloud attenuation was used. The cloud attenuation was determined by using the meteorological data measured at the ground level. It was assumed that the clouds would form at some height above the ground level when the conditions for vapour condensation would be present and the liquid water content in the air would be above zero at that height. The values of height have been determined by using the values of temperature at the ground level, the dew point temperature, and the temperature gradient. The calculation results show that known relation between the temperature and the cloud base height is not always suitable for Lithuanian climate conditions. According to the meteorological data measured in the weather stations, relation between the height and temperature within the cloud, recommended by International Telecommunication Union, was chosen. Only summer profile was suitable to use under conditions investigated here. The values of relative humidity and temperature at the ground level were used in calculations of liquid water content within the clouds. The values of specific attenuation under conditions of cloud cover were computed by using the obtained liquid water content values at frequencies starting from 10 GHz and up to 70 GHz.

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Section: Calculation Of the Specific Cloud Attenuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using approximation for the specific cloud attenuation in [1,2,[7][8][9], the specific cloud attenuation was expressed as…”

Section: Calculation Of the Specific Cloud Attenuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Calculation Of the Specific Cloud Attenuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of clouds on attenuation of electromagnetic waves

Tamošiūnaitė¹

2008

Lithuanian J. Phys

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Water vapour source identification for daily rain events at Ahmedabad in semi‐arid western India: wind trajectory analyses

Deshpande

Dave

Padhya

et al. 2015

Meteorological Applications

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ABSTRACT:The Arabian Sea (AS), the Bay of Bengal (BOB) and continental recycling are three principal vapour sources identified for the rain events at Ahmedabad located in semi-arid western India. In the present study, the 48 h backward wind trajectories, at 6 h intervals, converging at an altitude of 1.5 km above the ground, for 120 daily rain events during the monsoon seasons of 2005-2008, have been examined using HYsplit Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model. Temperature, relative humidity, altitude and rainfall along each trajectory were studied at hourly intervals. The temperature and relative humidity data were used to compute the absolute humidity (g m −3 ) of the air parcel at its location at hourly intervals. The relationship between the height of the air parcel, its relative humidity and rainfall along each trajectory was used to identify the vapour pick-up region. The region around the maximum value of absolute humidity for each trajectory was designated as the dominant vapour pick-up region for each rain event at Ahmedabad. In this manner, principal vapour source identification was unambiguously possible for 93.3% of all the 120 rain events. The fraction of total events and the fractions of total rainfall attributable to the three principal vapour sources, respectively, are: AS, 68.3 and 62.1%; BOB, 2.5 and 1.5%; recycled, 22.5 and 24.5%; mixed, 6.7 and 11.8%. Most of the rain events with recycled vapour contribution occur during the latter part of the monsoon season, namely during September.

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Microwave and Millimeter Wave Characteristics and Attenuation of Clouds over some Malaysian Equatorial Stations

Mandeep

Hassan

2008

Int J Infrared Milli Waves

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Based on radar range height indicator (RHI) measurements, cloud characteristics in relation to radiowave propagation over three locations in different geographical region in western Malaysia have been presented. It is seen that low cloud occurrence over these locations are quite significant. Cloud attenuation and noise temperature can result in serious degradation of telecommunication link performances. This paper presents cloud coverage in different months, 0°C isotherm height and cloud attenuation results at 12 GHz, 20 GHz, 36 GHz, 50 GHz, 70 GHz and 100 GHz over measurement site. The low level cloud over the measurement sites has been found to occur for many days and nights and particularly in the months of April to May and October to December. Such results are useful for satellite communication and remote sensing application in Malaysia.

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Cloud Morphology Over Three Indian Tropical Stations for Earth Space Communication

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Influence of clouds on attenuation of electromagnetic waves

Influence of clouds on attenuation of electromagnetic waves

Water vapour source identification for daily rain events at Ahmedabad in semi‐arid western India: wind trajectory analyses

Microwave and Millimeter Wave Characteristics and Attenuation of Clouds over some Malaysian Equatorial Stations

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