Cloud Energy Storage Based Embedded Battery Technology Architecture for Residential Users Cost Minimization

Abstract

This paper presents a cloud energy storage (CES) architecture for reducing energy costs for residential microgrid users. The former of this article concentrates on identifying an appropriate battery technology from various battery technologies with the aid of a simulation study. The later part addresses the economic feasibility of the storage architecture with three different scenarios namely grid connected energy storage, distributed energy storage (DES) and CES. The performance of the proposed architecture has been evaluated by considering five residential users with suitable battery technology identified from the former part of the study. For the purpose of the analysis, PV and load profiles including seasonal effects and grid price were taken from IIT Mumbai, India and IEX portal, respectively. In addition, this article also examines the impact of increased number of users with CES. The value of this study is that the proposed CES architecture is capable of reducing the cost of electricity experienced by the user by 11.37% as compared to DES. With this, CES operator's revenue can be increased by 6.70% in summer and 16.97% in winter in the case of fixed number of users. Finally, based on the analysis and simulation results, this paper recommends CES with Li-ion battery technology for residential application.

Cloud Energy Storage Investment by Collaboration of Microgrids for Profit and Reliability Enhancement Considering a TSO-DSO Yearly Reward

“…In [32], the superiority of Lithium-ion-Batteries (LiBs) and the Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRFB) technologies have been proved for both CES ownership scenarios (individual ownership and shared ownership between DSO and aggregator). Also, [4,33] confirms this result by comparing the performance of Li-ion batteries, lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, sodium-sulfur, and redox flow batteries for CES architecture. To attract all benefits from CES investment, like any ESS, proper subsidy policies and investment decision-making mechanism is a must and can be ensured for the investment value of the microgrid and reduce the initial cost of such a capitalintensive component as reported in [34].…”

“…Some of these benefits have been provided in an empirical analysis that has been performed in Germany and Australia [22]. [3][4][5] have proposed cloudbased energy storage technology. CES can be defined as a grid-based storage service that enables ubiquitous and ondemand access to a shared pool of grid-scale energy storage resources.…”

“…After the investment, based on the budget a MG devoted to CES investment, it can book its required capacity from the CES. It is noted that MGs choose the CES facility based on lithiumion battery technology, which is the most cost-effective battery due to investigations in [4,32]. Due to the privacy of information, MGs do not have access to the distribution system's technical data.…”

Cloud energy storage in power systems: Concept, applications, and technical challenges

“…In addition, the uncertainty of the electricity price was not examined in this model. In [37], a CES architecture is designed to reduce the energy costs of the users in a microgrid. In [38], a novel energy cooperation framework is developed to achieve the potential benefits for the users and the CES operator.…”