Methane (CH4) emission estimates from top-down
studies
over oil and gas basins have revealed systematic underestimation of
CH4 emissions in current national inventories. Sparse but
extremely large amounts of CH4 from oil and gas production
activities have been detected across the globe, resulting in a significant
increase of the overall oil and gas contribution. However, attribution
to specific facilities remains a major challenge unless high-spatial-resolution
images provide sufficient granularity within the oil and gas basin.
In this paper, we monitor known oil and gas infrastructures across
the globe using recurrent Sentinel-2 imagery to detect
and quantify more than 1200 CH4 emissions. In combination
with emission estimates from airborne and Sentinel-5P measurements, we demonstrate the robustness of the fit to a power
law from 0.1
/h to 600
/h. We conclude here that the prevalence
of ultraemitters (>25
/h) detected globally by Sentinel-5P directly relates to emission occurrences below its detection threshold
in the range >2
/h, which correspond to large emitters covered
by Sentinel-2. We also verified that this relation
is also valid at a more local scale for two specific countries, namely,
Algeria and Turkmenistan, and the Permian basin in the United States.