Cloud and pour points in fuel blends

Novel approaches to waxy crude restart: Part 1: Thermal shrinkage of waxy crude oil and the impact for pipeline restart

“…Rønningsen et al indicate that this state is attained when some 3.5 to 5.5% waxy solids are present (as determined by pulsed NMR). Other estimates cite similar and even lower values (Coutinho et al, 2002;Kané et al, 2002;Paso, 2005). Paso presents 3D representations of wax crystal distribution and Senra (2009) shows micrographs that contrast the gelled and ungelled state.…”

Paraffin crystallization in synthetic mixtures: Predictive local composition models revisited

“…The three models here described will be used to predict the phase equilibrium data measured for the two mixtures studied on this work. Two of these models, Wilson and modified UNIQUAC, have previously been used for prediction of wax formation in hydrocarbon fluids [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], and are being evaluated on this work to identify their limitations. The third model, UNIQUAC, will here be used for the first time for describing the solid phase non-ideality and is under investigation to attempt overcoming the shortcomings of the previous models.…”

“…The development of predictive local composition models for the description of wax formation in hydrocarbon fluids [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] lead to a highly successful tool for the description of wax formation in diesels and fuels [7][8][9][10]15,16] and dead and live oils [11,13,14,17,19]. Yet the time and experience of various users brought to light some limitations and some behaviors not always well understood.…”

Synthesis of Polymers from Fatty Alcohol and Acrylic Acid and its Impact on Tribological Properties

“…However, based on the study of Srivastava and Zhang fusheng as well as the relation between the wax crystal structure and its thermodynamic properties, it can be concluded that the PPD can have an effect on the amount of crystallized compound. Pour point is widely used to evaluate the low temperature flowability of crude oil 4 .…”