Clothing in Arc Flash: Four Types of Arc Exposure and the Effect of Moisture on Garment Appearance After an Arc Event

Hoagland, Elihu; Golovkov, M. S.; Maurice, Claude; Clark, Phillip G.

doi:10.1109/tia.2014.2300414

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…It is not the same with some approach, when it is assumed the heat is only emitted by radiation. It should be noted, in case of open-air arcs, called 'radiated arcs' [14], most of the energy is radiated via ultraviolet (UV), infrared radiation (IR) and visible light and a small percentage of convection, which takes this assumption realistic; 5) The total energy of the arc is emitted; the additional energy consuming phenomena are neglected, like the vaporization of electrodes and the heating of the vaporized metal; 6) The energy is emitted to the environment in all the direction.…”

Section: Incident Energy Calculation Via a New Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

New approach for estimation of incident energy on high voltage level

2019

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The purpose of this paper is to show a new calculation model, which is able to calculate the incident energy in any places near an electric arc in case of high voltage, without neglecting of length and position of the electric arc. This method is developed especially for the electric transmission network above 35 kV and several meters of gap distances. It would be used to estimate the thermal load of a power line worker close an initiated electric arc during live-line maintenance by bare-hand and hot stick method as well.

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Section: Incident Energy Calculation Via a New Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

New approach for estimation of incident energy on high voltage level

2019

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“…The most studied and used is wearing arc protective equipment. [14][15][16][17][18] According to ASTM F1959 19 and IEC 61482-1-1 20 standards, the material of arc protective clothing should meet the characteristics of not melting and dripping in high temperatures or flames and will automatically extinguish when it is separated from the fire source. Currently, three types of materials are commonly used in arc protective clothing.…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of polyimide and aramid fabrics as arc protective materials

Duan

Yue

et al. 2023

Textile Research Journal

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Arc explosion accidents in live working seriously threaten the safety of power workers. At present, the mainstream arc protective clothing material is aramid and blends of aramid. However, aramid will produce toxic gas under high temperature combustion, which is harmful to the health of operators. Therefore, it is a special challenge to study fabrics that are friendly to the human body and have a highly protective performance to protect electrical workers. Polyimide is nontoxic and has excellent high temperature resistance, flame retardation, and mechanical properties. In this paper, polyimide was proposed to be used as an arc protective clothing material. In order to explore the feasibility of polyimide in the field of arc protection, molecular dynamics simulation was used to compare the heat resistance of polyimide and aramid in terms of bond order and glass transition temperature. Referring to ASTM F1959 and IEC 61482-1-1, an arc test apparatus was built to test the protective properties of materials. The protection failure mechanism was analyzed by comparing the safety protective performance of polyimide and aramid fabric under the arc. It was found that polyimide has better arc thermal protective performance and break open threshold. The simulation and test results show that polyimide can be used as a material for arc protective clothing to improve protective performance.

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“…In addition, to test the arc protective performance of clothing, the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard F 1959 and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard 61482-1 20,21 have been used to establish protective performance test equipment for clothing, which measures the heat energy transferred through the material using thermal sensor. Hoagland et al 22 and Golovkov et al 23 also systematically studied the factors affecting the protective performance of arc suits. However, there is currently a lack of corresponding protective performance testing institutions in China, such that it is necessary to predict the arc protective performance of fabrics using physical performance parameters instead.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mathematical model used for predicting arc-flash protective performance of fabrics based on physical parameters

Zhu

Tang

Sun

et al. 2021

Textile Research Journal

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In this study, parameters that may affect the performance of arc-flash protective fabrics were systematically analyzed. Sixteen different commonly used fabrics with different configurations and grammage were produced and investigated, namely four raw materials with different configurations (93:0:5:2, 70:23:5:2, 46:47:5:2, and 23:70:5:2) and four with different grammage (180, 210, 240, and 270 g/m2). It was found that factors had different effects on the arc protective performance. Principal component analysis showed that the four plain weave fabrics of 180 g/m2 behaved differently compared with other samples, which was ascribed to the related differences in weave structure. In addition, a predicting mathematical model was developed based on the parameters that have the greatest influence on arc protective performance. The prediction parameters were not added to the structure, but replaced with physical parameters such as air permeability and thermomechanical properties. The adjusted R2 was 0.867, which demonstrated the rationality of using multiple linear regression to accurately predict arc protective performance. It was hypothesized that the construction of the mathematical model could contribute to the arc protective fabric evaluation and future researches in this field.

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Clothing in Arc Flash: Four Types of Arc Exposure and the Effect of Moisture on Garment Appearance After an Arc Event

Cited by 11 publications

References 5 publications

New approach for estimation of incident energy on high voltage level

New approach for estimation of incident energy on high voltage level

Comparative analysis of polyimide and aramid fabrics as arc protective materials

Mathematical model used for predicting arc-flash protective performance of fabrics based on physical parameters

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