Closure to “Uniform and Critical Flow Computations” by Ramappa G. Patil, J. S. R. Murthy, and L. K. Ghosh

Patil, R. G.; Murthy, J. S. R.; Ghosh, L. K.

doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(2006)132:6(637)

Cited by 10 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…It is interesting to note that the iron oxide peak at 33.1° becomes prominent but quite broad in the composite while Mullite peaks are decreased and broadened considerably. A few authors have attempted to make nano particulate fly ash by high‐energy ball milling . They also report reduction of the main quartz peak at 26.35° along with its broadening and attribute the same to size reduction of FA particles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melt rheological studies of polypropylene filled with coconut water treated and untreated fly ash

Radhakrishnan¹,

Kulkarni²,

Samarth

et al. 2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The melt rheology of polypropylene (PP) filled with fly ash (FA) before and after treatment with coconut water (CW) was studied for different concentration of the filler. The fly ash after coconut water treatment clearly showed additional peaks in the infrared (IR) spectra corresponding to the hydroxyl and carbonyl groups indicating good adsorption of CW on FA. The X‐ray diffraction of melt compounded PP filled with CW‐treated (CWT) FA showed large reduction of the main silica peak of FA and considerable broadening of Mullite and hematite peaks suggesting formation of fine particles by this treatment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the drastic reduction of particle size in these composites. The melt rheological studies for these composites indicated considerable increase in viscosity at low filler loading for CW treated FA. The concentration dependence of melt viscosity did not follow any of the theoretical equations suggested in literature. Although, the behavior was similar to nanoparticle‐filled polymers, there were some differences especially above the critical concentration of 4.5% by volume. The frequency dependence of storage and loss modulus indicated crossover point clearly, which was greatly affected by CW treatment. The Cole–Cole plots of real and imaginary part of melt viscosity brought out the broad distribution of relaxation time for the CW treated FA. The CW treated FA melt compounded with PP gave rise to nanocomposites with uniform dispersion. However, above 4.5% by volume, there appears to be agglomerate formation along with a thin interfacial layer, which assists the melt flow even at high filler loading. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43900.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melt rheological studies of polypropylene filled with coconut water treated and untreated fly ash

Radhakrishnan¹,

Kulkarni²,

Samarth

et al. 2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The water activity is converted from experimental data for salt activity by using Gibbs-Duhems equation. The data are given by Patil 15 and Robinson and Stokes. 16 The Pitzer, Bromley-Pitzer, and NRTL electrolyte models are used with the parameter given by ASPEN PLUS.…”

Section: The New Activity Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of these data are for salt activity in water converted to water activities with Gibbs-Duhems equation. A consistency test between the converted data and available experimental data for water activity 15,16 has been done.…”

Section: Activity Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calculation of Gas Hydrate Equilibrium in Presence of Aqueous Salt Solutions Using a New Predictive Activity Model

Jøssang

Stange

2000

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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“…The fuel side modification techniques such as blending, emulsification and oxygenation are the easy way for emission reduction without any modification on the engine hardware. Modification of diesel fuel to reduce exhaust emission can be performed by increasing the cetane number, reducing fuel sulphur, reducing aromatic content, increasing fuel volatility and decreasing the fuel density to have the compromise between engine performance and engine out emissions, one such change has been the possibility of using diesel fuels with oxygenates . Among different alternative fuels, oxygenated fuel is a kind of alternative fuel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among different alternative fuels, oxygenated fuel is a kind of alternative fuel. Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DGM), dimethoxy methane (DMM), dimethyl ether (DME), methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), dibutyl ether (DBE), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), methanol, ethanol and diethyl ether (DEE) have played their role to reduce diesel emissions . These fuels can either be used as a blend with conventional diesel fuel or pure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review Study on the Using of Diethyl Ether in Diesel Engines: Effects on Fuel Properties and Engine Performance

Sezer

2018

Energy Tech

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This study was compiled from the results of various researches performed on using diethyl ether as a fuel or fuel additive in diesel engines. Three different techniques are used the reduction of the harmful exhaust emissions of diesel engines. The first technique for the reduction of harmful emissions is improved the combustion by modification of engine design and fuel injection system, but this process is expensive and time consuming. The second technique is the using various exhaust gas devices like catalytic converter and diesel particulate filter. However, the use of these devices affects negatively diesel engine performance. The final technique to reduce emissions and also improve diesel engine performance is the use of various alternative fuels or fuel additives. The major pollutants of diesel engines are oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (PM). It is very difficult to reduce NOx and PM simultaneously in practice. The most researches declare that the best way to reduce is the use of various alternative fuels i. e. natural gas, biogas, biodiesel or using the additives with alternative fuels or conventional diesel fuel. Therefore, it is very important that the results of various studies on alternative fuels or fuel additives are evaluated together to practice applications. Especially, this study focus on the use diethyl ether in diesel engines as fuel or fuel additive in various diesel engine fuels. This review study investigates the effects of diethyl ether addition on the fuel properties and performance characteristics.

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Closure to “Uniform and Critical Flow Computations” by Ramappa G. Patil, J. S. R. Murthy, and L. K. Ghosh

Cited by 10 publications

References 4 publications

Melt rheological studies of polypropylene filled with coconut water treated and untreated fly ash

Melt rheological studies of polypropylene filled with coconut water treated and untreated fly ash

Calculation of Gas Hydrate Equilibrium in Presence of Aqueous Salt Solutions Using a New Predictive Activity Model

A Review Study on the Using of Diethyl Ether in Diesel Engines: Effects on Fuel Properties and Engine Performance

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