Closure to “Discussion of ‘Breakdown and Efficiency of Anodic Oxide Growth on Titanium’ [ C. K. Dyer and J. S. L. Leach (pp. 1032–1038, Vol. 125, No. 7)]”

Dyer, C. K.

doi:10.1149/1.2129211

Cited by 40 publications

(64 citation statements)

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“…The thermally oxidized surface layer corresponding to the rutile structure, as shown in Fig. 2, reveals that the oxide is denser than that developed during naturally formed, HNO3 passivated, or anodization like other researchers [15,16]. Thus the change to a very low current density after thermal heat treatment is related to formation of a surface titanium oxide layer of rutile or a phase transformation from anatase to a rutile structure that has a more compact structural configuration and might therefore be expected to display enhanced resistance to chemical dissolution such as in a biological environment.…”

Section: Measurement Of Cell Proliferationsupporting

confidence: 51%

Electrochemical corrosion behavior and MG-63 osteoblast-like cell response of surface-treated titanium

Kim¹,

Jang²

2004

Met. Mater. Int.

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Commercially pure titanium is used as a clinical implant material for many orthopedic and dental implant devices owing to its excellent corrosion resistance and good biocompatibility. However, there remains concern over the release of metal ions from prostheses and unresolved questions about its behavior in a biological environment. Our research investigated the influence of surface oxide thickness and phase on the corrosion resistance in 0.9 % NaCl solution by potentiostat and XRD. Also, the MG-63 osteoblast like cell morphology and proliferation were studied to evaluate the biocompatibility in terms of surface treatment. It is demonstrated that a substantial decrease in the current density may be attained due to surface oxide thickening and phase transformation by thermal oxidation. The osteoblast adhesion morphology and proliferation data indicated that the osteoblast cell response is not conspicuously influenced by the thermal oxidation and nitric acid passivation treatments but by surface roughness and porosity of 3 rd networking.

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Section: Measurement Of Cell Proliferationsupporting

confidence: 51%

Electrochemical corrosion behavior and MG-63 osteoblast-like cell response of surface-treated titanium

Kim¹,

Jang²

2004

Met. Mater. Int.

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“…We propose that the underpotential deposition of deuterium occurs in the −0.3 to −0.4 V SCE potential range under these conditions: [4] where D ads is a surface-adsorbed D atom. 37 Existence of a range of potentials where the cathodic polarization is sufficient to reduce H + to H ads but not for H 2 evolution is well documented for Pt and Pd. 38 For Pt, underpotential-deposited H ads atoms eventually cover the whole electrode surface, and the cell current falls to zero.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Absorption into Titanium under Cathodic Polarization: An In-Situ Neutron Reflectometry and EIS Study

Vezvaie¹,

Noël

Tun³

et al. 2013

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Hydrogen (deuterium) absorption into sputter-coated titanium (Ti) film electrodes during cathodic polarization in heavy water (D 2 O) was monitored using in-situ neutron reflectometry (NR) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The scattering length density (SLD) of Ti metal increased with increasing cathodic polarization, due to the penetration of deuterium through the surface oxide and into the underlying metal. The rate of D absorption estimated from the NR data showed a pattern with four distinctive regions separated by potential boundaries between −0.35 and −0.4 V SCE and around ∼−0.6 V SCE . EIS results support division of the behavior into these potential ranges. Hydrogen absorption by Ti was observed at potentials <∼−0.35 V SCE , where the capacitance and resistance of the TiO 2 layer dramatically changed. At this point, the D content of the film quickly achieved a level of ∼900 ppm by weight (atom ratio D:Ti ∼ 0.04). Decreased absorption kinetics were observed over the potential region from ∼−0.40 V SCE to −0.6 V SCE , indicating that D absorption was controlled either by a diffusion process through the TiO 2 layer or by the formation of blocking hydrides at the Ti/TiO 2 interface, at the base of the defective locations in the oxide through which the hydrogen was entering. Significant increases in the current density and SLD of the Ti film at potentials more negative than −0.6 V SCE were assigned to widespread hydrogen absorption and TiH x growth within the metal. These observations are consistent with hydrogen ingress through the oxide film, probably via weak points containing electronic defects and disorder, such as grain boundaries and triple points, at potentials as mild as ∼−0.4 V SCE , and with hydrogen penetration through continuous, intact oxide via the previously published redox transformation mechanism, at potentials more negative than −0.6 V SCE . Titanium corrosion processes are often accompanied by hydrogen production. For example, 80% or more of the crevice corrosion process on Ti is driven by the reduction of protons inside the crevice:This leads to the absorption of atomic hydrogen, and can result in extensive hydride formation. 1,2 Cathodic polarization and galvanic coupling with active metals can also cause hydrogen evolution on the Ti surface and hydrogen penetration into the bulk metal. Since hydrogen absorption into Ti structures can lead to their failure by brittle cracking, once the hydrogen concentration achieves a critical level, 3 safe operation of such structures requires a detailed knowledge of the mechanism of hydrogen entry into Ti so that exposure conditions that put the structure at risk of hydrogen-induced cracking can be avoided. A number of studies have been done on the physicochemical properties of Ti/H systems, as well as on hydrogen-induced cracking of Ti.3,4 Here we explore the role of the electrochemical potential in determining whether adsorbed hydrogen atoms generated by water reduction can penetrate the native oxide on Ti.The surface oxide layer play...

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“…7 corresponds to a value of (Qr/Qf) = 0.25, which indicates that one atom of hydrogen is absorbed for one Ti(IV) ion in the film according to the reaction of TiO~ + H + + e ~ TiOOH at the potential of -0.90V, independent of the film thickness. From the reoxidation charge, Qr, for the oxide film reduced at various cathodic potentials, the composition change of the oxide film during the reduction can be evaluated as a function of the cathodic potential, in which the following cathodic reaction is assumed TiO~ + xH+a,, + xe ~ TiQc.r(OH).r [3] The results are given in Fig. 8 for the oxide films 18.0 nm and 27.5 nm thick.…”

Section: Iii) Ions In Acidic Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cathodic Reduction of Anodic Oxide Films Formed on Titanium

Ohtsuka

Masuda

Satô

1987

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Cathodic reduction behavior of the anodic oxide film on titanium has been investigated by using ellipsometry combined with electrochemistry. In acidic sulfate solution, the anodic oxide film reductively dissolves into the solution as Ti(III) ion, resulting in the thinning of its thickness without any significant change of the optical property of the remaining film. In neutral phosphate solutiofi, the anodic oxide film absorbs hydrogen in the hydrogen evolution potential region, resulting in a change of the optical property without thinning its thickness. The amount of hydrogen absorbed per unit volume of the film does not depend on the film thickness but on the cathodic potential. The composition change estimated from measurements of anodJc charge during the hydrogen release process indicates that the hydrogen absorption begins to occur at about -0.25V (vs. RHE) and that the anodic film changes in its composition from TiO~ to TiOOH at -0.9V. The hydrogen absorption induces a decrease of the refractive index and an increase of the extinction index of the anodic film.Titanium is one of the materials exhibiting the high corrosion resistivity caused by formation of a protective oxide film in oxidative environments (1). However, if titanium is placed under cathodic bias conditions or in reductive environments, the oxide film changes in its property because of the hydrogen attack.Under cathodic bias conditions, hydrogen is absorbed into the titanium metal through a modified oxide film layer, resulting in hydrogen brittleness. Fukuzuka et al.(2) have pointed out that the oxide film formed by air oxidation at elevated temperatures acts as a barrier against the hydrogen absorption into the titanium metal but that the oxide film anodically formed loses its barrier property during cathodic reduction in a time period shorter than that of the air oxidation film. Dyer et al. (3) have suggested that hydrogen can be absorbed by the anodie oxide film in the hydrogen evolution potential region and that hydrogen in the oxide film can be reversibly desorbed in the anodic potential region. They observed, using ellipsometry, a significant change of optical property of the films during the electrochemical hydrogen absorption-desorption process. They also observed the electrode impedance response, which changes depending on the cathodic potential (4).For a photoelectrochemical electrode of TiO.,, it has been reported that the electrochemical reduction treatment markedly influences the semiconductive property of the TiO~, resulting in an increase of photoresponse current (5, 6). The hydrogen absorption process of TiO2 has also been discussed from a viewpoint of eleetr~-chromic reactions by Ohzuku et al. (7) and of hydrogen gas detectors by Horrin (8). These results indicate that TiO~ changes its color and electrical conductivity, if hydrogen is absorbed in the TiO2.In this paper, the optical property and composition of the anodic oxide film on titanium during cathodic reduction has been investigated by ellipsometry and eoulomet...

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Closure to “Discussion of ‘Breakdown and Efficiency of Anodic Oxide Growth on Titanium’ [ C. K. Dyer and J. S. L. Leach (pp. 1032–1038, Vol. 125, No. 7)]”

Cited by 40 publications

References 0 publications

Electrochemical corrosion behavior and MG-63 osteoblast-like cell response of surface-treated titanium

Electrochemical corrosion behavior and MG-63 osteoblast-like cell response of surface-treated titanium

Hydrogen Absorption into Titanium under Cathodic Polarization: An In-Situ Neutron Reflectometry and EIS Study

Cathodic Reduction of Anodic Oxide Films Formed on Titanium

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