“…Surgical techniques using local and regional tissues include undermining and primary closure, mucoperiosteal flaps, vestibular mucosal flaps, buccal myomucosal flaps, tongue flaps, vomer flaps, Le Fort I osteotomies, nasolabial flaps, buccal fat flaps, and temporalis muscle flaps, among others (Guerrero-Santos and Altamirano, 1966; Mukherji, 1969; Jackson, 1972; Abyholm et al, 1979; Pigott et al, 1984; Argamaso, 1990; Cohen et al, 1991; Pribaz et al, 1992; Cordeiro and Wolfe, 1996; Baumann and Ewers, 2000; Ercocen et al, 2003; Robertson et al, 2008). Another option is the use of nonvascularized grafts, such as dermis (Vandeput et al, 1995) or conchal cartilage (Matsuo et al, 1991; Ohsumi et al, 1993), but they require small defects and the presence of healthy local tissue.…”