Clostridium perfringens Toxins Types B, C, D, and E

Hauschild, A. H. W.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-046502-6.50010-1

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Similar conditions were used in this study to compare strains of types A to D with respect to optimum pH for growth and formation of extracellular toxins. The importance of pH control for production of clostridial toxins was pointed out by Pivnick et al (1964) and Hauschild (1966, 1971): Hauschild showed a selective stimulation of toxinogenesis, or possibly toxin release, at the optimum pH for growth of type C and D strains. In our studies, toxin production was associated with active growth (Fig.…”

Section: Culture Of C Perfringens Strains Of Clinical and Faecal Originmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As previous workers (Smith & Holdeman, 1968;Willis, 1969;Hauschild, 1971;Smith, 1973) had used different culture conditions, we attempted to reproduce their conditions and compare the amounts of bacterial growth and production of phospholipase and haemolysin in such cultures with those in cultures grown in fernienters. Cultures were grown in the same pre-reduced medium in flasks with and without stirring and without pH control.…”

Section: Culture Of Atcc Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typing with standard antisera The culture supernatants from fermenter cultures of each of the four ATCC type strains were mixed with commercial antisera types A to D according to the standard scheme (Hauschild, 1971 ;Snith, 1973). Of the 16 neutralization tests performed, five gave erratic results.…”

Section: Culture Of C Perfringens Strains Of Clinical and Faecal Originmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Production of Phospholipase C (Alpha-toxin), Haemolysins and Lethal Toxins by Clostridium perfringens Types A to D

Möllby

Holme

Nord³

et al. 1976

Journal of General Microbiology

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S U M M A R YTo obtain high yields of extracellular enzymes and toxins for immunological analysis, type culture collection strains of Clostridium perfringens types A to D and 28 fresh isolates of C. perfringens type A from humans were grown in fermenters under controlled conditions in a pre-reduced proteose peptone medium. The type culture collection strains all showed different characteristics with respect to growth rates and pH optima for growth. Production of phospholipase C (alpha-toxin), haemolysin and lethal activity varied considerably between the different types.Growth and extracellular protein production in fermenters with pH control and static or stirred cultures were compared. Production of all extracellular proteins measured was markedly improved by cultivation in fermenters with pH control.Strain A T C C I~I~ produced five times more phospholipase C than any of 28 freshly isolated strains of C. perfringens type A, grown under identical conditions. Haemolytic and lethal activities of the ATCC strain were equal or superior to the activities of any of the freshly isolated strains. There were no differences in the bacterial yields and in the production of extracellular toxins between type A strains isolated from clinical cases of gas ga.ngren.= and abdominal wounds, and those isolated from faecal samples from healthy persons.

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Section: Culture Of C Perfringens Strains Of Clinical and Faecal Originmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Culture Of Atcc Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Culture Of C Perfringens Strains Of Clinical and Faecal Originmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Production of Phospholipase C (Alpha-toxin), Haemolysins and Lethal Toxins by Clostridium perfringens Types A to D

Möllby

Holme

Nord³

et al. 1976

Journal of General Microbiology

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“…In the latter's studies on crude staphylococcal a-haemolysin six haemolytic components were detected, but only four possessed characteristics of cc-haemolysin, whereas the other two appeared to be 6-haemolysin. All four haemolytic components described here behaved as isoelectric forms of 8-haemolysin and were free of phospholipase C, the hot-cold haemolysin of C. perfringens (Bernheimer, 1970(Bernheimer, , 1974Halbert, 1971 ;Hauschild, 1971 ;Ispolatovskaya, 1971). Assessment of protein homogeneity is a quantitative reflection of the methods used and their limitations, a fact ignored by some authors (Zwaal et al 1971).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Properties shared by 0-labile haemolysins have been summarized by Bernheimer (1970Bernheimer ( , 1974. The little information available on 8-haemolysin has been reviewed by Ispolatovskaya (I 971) and Hauschild (1971). Few attempts have been made to purify it (van Heyningen, 1941 ;Roth & Pillemer, 1955;Habermann, 1959;Stephen, 1961 ;Hauschild, 1965).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Identification and Purification of Multiple Forms of o-Haemolysin (o-Toxin) of Clostridium perfringens Type A

Smyth¹

1975

Journal of General Microbiology

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Department o f Bak t er io logy, Stat ens Bak t er io log iska Lab0 rat or ium , Stockholm S-105 21, Sweden (Received 9 March 1974; revised 16 November 1974) SUMMARYThe 8-haemolysin of Clostridium perfringens was purified from culture supernatant fluids of type A strains by fractional ammonium sulphate precipitation and isoelectric focusing in narrow pH 5 to 8 gradients. Four components detected on electrofocusing were designated 8, (PI 6.8 to 6-9), 8, (PI 6.5 to 6.6), S3 (PI 6.1 to 6.3) and 8, (PI 5-7 to 5.9). Specific activities ranged from 0.4 x roS to 1-2 x 106 haemolytic units/mg protein and 2950 to 3600 LD,,/mg protein. Each haemolytic component was activated by cysteine hydrochloride, and inactivated by cholesterol, by addition of sheep erythrocyte ghosts and by heating at 60 "C for 10 min; mouse erythrocytes were more resistant than sheep erythrocytes to haemolysis. A reaction of identity was obtained between components in gel diffusion. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis gave molecular weights in the range 59000 to 62000 for each component. A similar value was obtained for 8, on density gradient ultracentrifugation. Although the multiple forms were free of I I factors present in culture supernatants, crossed immunoelectrophoresis and disc gel electrophoresis revealed minor contaminants. These studies reveal that 8-haemolysin has physical properties in common with other oxygen-labile haemolysins.,

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Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin causes excessive release of glutamate in the mouse hippocampus

Miyamoto

2000

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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The mechanism of neurotoxicity of Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin to the mouse brain was investigated. Intravenous injection in mice with the toxin caused seizure and excited hippocampal neurons. Microdialysis revealed that epsilon toxin induced excessive glutamate release in the hippocampus. Both the seizure and glutamate release were attenuated by prior injection with riluzole, an inhibitor of presynaptic glutamate release, suggesting that this toxin enhances glutamate efflux, leading to seizure and hippocampal neuronal damage. ß

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Clostridium perfringens Toxins Types B, C, D, and E

Cited by 13 publications

References 92 publications

Production of Phospholipase C (Alpha-toxin), Haemolysins and Lethal Toxins by Clostridium perfringens Types A to D

Production of Phospholipase C (Alpha-toxin), Haemolysins and Lethal Toxins by Clostridium perfringens Types A to D

The Identification and Purification of Multiple Forms of o-Haemolysin (o-Toxin) of Clostridium perfringens Type A

Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin causes excessive release of glutamate in the mouse hippocampus

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