1980
DOI: 10.1016/0163-7258(80)90031-5
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Clostridium perfringens toxins (type A, B, C, D, E)

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Cited by 222 publications
(163 citation statements)
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“…Owing to its role in gas gangrene disease, food poisoning and animal enterotoxemia, C. perfringens type A strains, particularly the alpha-toxin, have been the subject of intense investigations over the past 60 years (McDonel, 1986). Alpha-toxin, produced by C. perfringens, is a metalloenzyme with molecular weight of 43 kDa (Takahashi, Sugahara, Ohsaka, 1974;Hale, Stiles, 1999) and LD 50 of 40 ng/mL -1 (Naylor, Martin, Barker, 1997), and catalyses the hydrolysis of lecithin and phospholipids (Saint-Joanis, Garnier, Cole, 1989;Hale, Stiles, 1999).…”
Section: Major Toxins Minor Toxins Associated Diseasesmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Owing to its role in gas gangrene disease, food poisoning and animal enterotoxemia, C. perfringens type A strains, particularly the alpha-toxin, have been the subject of intense investigations over the past 60 years (McDonel, 1986). Alpha-toxin, produced by C. perfringens, is a metalloenzyme with molecular weight of 43 kDa (Takahashi, Sugahara, Ohsaka, 1974;Hale, Stiles, 1999) and LD 50 of 40 ng/mL -1 (Naylor, Martin, Barker, 1997), and catalyses the hydrolysis of lecithin and phospholipids (Saint-Joanis, Garnier, Cole, 1989;Hale, Stiles, 1999).…”
Section: Major Toxins Minor Toxins Associated Diseasesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…; 2-Gibert, Jolivet-Reynaud, Hunter et al 1993;Sakurai, Fujii, 1987;3-Petit, Gibert, Popoff, 1997;Hunter et al, 1992;4-Perelle et al, 1993;Perelle et al, 1995;Vandekerckhove et al, 1987;5-Alouf, Jolivet-Reynaud, 1981;6-Jin et al, 1996;7-Tweten, 1988;8-Williamson, Titball, 1993;Award et al, 1995;9-Petit, Gibert, Popoff, 1999. achieve the desired degree of ammonium sulfate saturation. After, one the table was elaborated to determine the exact concentrations of ammonium sulfate (McDonel, 1980;Saint-Joanis, Garnier, Cole, 1989). The ammonium sulfate precipitation was often used to prepare a crude toxin for application to gel filtration chromatography (Ito, 1968;Mitsui, Mitsui, Hase, 1973a;Diner, 1970;Ikezawa, Yamamoto, Murata, 1964;Katsaras, Hartwigk, 1979) or electrofocusing (Smyth, Arbuthnott, 1974).…”
Section: Major Toxins Minor Toxins Associated Diseasesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Epsilon-toxin primarily affects the intestine by increasing permeability of the gut wall, thus enhancing its own uptake, and acts systematically as a lethal toxin (Buxton 1978). After entering the circulation, it causes swollen hyperemic kidneys, edema in the lungs, and excess pericardial ϐluid (McDonel 1980). Small amounts of ETX detected in the gut of normal animals are considered innocuous, but persistence of high concentrations can be highly lethal; by increasing intestinal permeability and due to absorption into the circulation the toxin primarily targets the central nervous system, where it produces perivascular edema, hemorrhages and necrosis (Songer 1996).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…perfringens produces several soluble antigens (toxins), and most of the studies focuses on the pathogenic effects they produce. However, the role each of the toxins has in the production of lesions and symptoms caused by this agent is not totally established, neither in men nor in animals (24,25).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%