Clostridium perfringens toxins (type A, B, C, D, E)

McDonel, James L.

doi:10.1016/0163-7258(80)90031-5

Cited by 222 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 220 publications

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“…Owing to its role in gas gangrene disease, food poisoning and animal enterotoxemia, C. perfringens type A strains, particularly the alpha-toxin, have been the subject of intense investigations over the past 60 years (McDonel, 1986). Alpha-toxin, produced by C. perfringens, is a metalloenzyme with molecular weight of 43 kDa (Takahashi, Sugahara, Ohsaka, 1974;Hale, Stiles, 1999) and LD 50 of 40 ng/mL -1 (Naylor, Martin, Barker, 1997), and catalyses the hydrolysis of lecithin and phospholipids (Saint-Joanis, Garnier, Cole, 1989;Hale, Stiles, 1999).…”

Section: Major Toxins Minor Toxins Associated Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; 2-Gibert, Jolivet-Reynaud, Hunter et al 1993;Sakurai, Fujii, 1987;3-Petit, Gibert, Popoff, 1997;Hunter et al, 1992;4-Perelle et al, 1993;Perelle et al, 1995;Vandekerckhove et al, 1987;5-Alouf, Jolivet-Reynaud, 1981;6-Jin et al, 1996;7-Tweten, 1988;8-Williamson, Titball, 1993;Award et al, 1995;9-Petit, Gibert, Popoff, 1999. achieve the desired degree of ammonium sulfate saturation. After, one the table was elaborated to determine the exact concentrations of ammonium sulfate (McDonel, 1980;Saint-Joanis, Garnier, Cole, 1989). The ammonium sulfate precipitation was often used to prepare a crude toxin for application to gel filtration chromatography (Ito, 1968;Mitsui, Mitsui, Hase, 1973a;Diner, 1970;Ikezawa, Yamamoto, Murata, 1964;Katsaras, Hartwigk, 1979) or electrofocusing (Smyth, Arbuthnott, 1974).…”

Section: Major Toxins Minor Toxins Associated Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Large scale purification of Clostridium perfringens toxins: a review

Cavalcanti¹,

Porto²,

Porto³

et al. 2004

Rev. Bras. Cienc. Farm.

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Clostridium perfringens, a Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium, is widespread in the environment and commonly found in the intestines of animals, including humans. C. perfringens strains are classified into five toxinotypes (A, B, C, D and E) based on the production of four major toxins (α, β, ε, ι). However the toxins (theta, delta, lambda and enterotoxin) are also synthesized by C. perfringens strain. Many attempts to purify the toxins produced by C. perfringens have been proposed. In this review we discuss the purification methods used to isolate toxins from C. perfringens reported in last four decades.

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Section: Major Toxins Minor Toxins Associated Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Major Toxins Minor Toxins Associated Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large scale purification of Clostridium perfringens toxins: a review

Cavalcanti¹,

Porto²,

Porto³

et al. 2004

Rev. Bras. Cienc. Farm.

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“…Epsilon-toxin primarily affects the intestine by increasing permeability of the gut wall, thus enhancing its own uptake, and acts systematically as a lethal toxin (Buxton 1978). After entering the circulation, it causes swollen hyperemic kidneys, edema in the lungs, and excess pericardial ϐluid (McDonel 1980). Small amounts of ETX detected in the gut of normal animals are considered innocuous, but persistence of high concentrations can be highly lethal; by increasing intestinal permeability and due to absorption into the circulation the toxin primarily targets the central nervous system, where it produces perivascular edema, hemorrhages and necrosis (Songer 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Necrotizing enteritis associated with Clostridium perfringensType B in chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera)

et al. 2011

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Four 3-4 month-old chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera) from a commercial flock of 395 chinchillas, were found dead with evidence of previous diarrhea and prolapsed rectum. A fifth 8 month-old chinchilla died 8 hours after being found recumbent, apathetic, diarrheic and with a prolapsed rectum. Two chinchillas were necropsied and observed gross lesions consisted of extensive hemorrhagic enteritis, mild pulmonary edema and enlarged and yellow liver; this latter finding was particularly prominent in the chinchilla presenting longer clinical course. Histologically there was necrotizing enteritis associated with abundant bacterial rods aggregates in the intestinal surface epithelium and within the lamina propria. In the lungs there were small amounts of pink proteinaceous material (edema) in the interstitium and marked vacuolar hepatocellullar degeneration (lipidosis) in the liver. Anaerobic cultures from the intestinal contents of one of the affected chinchillas yielded Clostridium perfringens. Genotyping of this C. perfringens isolate was achieved by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) as C. perfringenstype B due to detection of alpha, beta and epsilon-toxin genes. These findings suggest C. perfringens type B as an important cause of sudden or acute death in chinchillas.

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“…perfringens produces several soluble antigens (toxins), and most of the studies focuses on the pathogenic effects they produce. However, the role each of the toxins has in the production of lesions and symptoms caused by this agent is not totally established, neither in men nor in animals (24,25).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence exaltation of Clostridium perfringens strains from bovines

Baldassi¹,

Barbosa²,

Bach³

et al. 2004

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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ABSTRACT. Ten out of eighty-nine strains biochemically identified as Clostridium perfringens, isolated from bovine organs, were selected by their different results showed in toxigenicity test on mice. Those and the standard strains, ATCC types A, B, C, and D, had their virulence exalted through serial intramuscular inoculation into guinea pigs.Results showed that, for toxigenic strains (6), one or two passages were enough to cause exaltation, while for the atoxigenic (4), five or six inoculations were needed. Esterase electrophoresis of standard and isolated strains, with and without exaltation, was performed.Electrophoresis analysis permits the following conclusions: strains that do not show any clinical symptoms in mice, when exalted demonstrate decreased esterase activity; on the contrary, it is increased when correlated with animal symptoms.

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Clostridium perfringens toxins (type A, B, C, D, E)

Cited by 222 publications

References 220 publications

Large scale purification of Clostridium perfringens toxins: a review

Large scale purification of Clostridium perfringens toxins: a review

Necrotizing enteritis associated with Clostridium perfringensType B in chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera)

Virulence exaltation of Clostridium perfringens strains from bovines

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