Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin is produced in the intestines of broiler chicks inoculated with an alpha toxin mutant

Coursodon, Christine F.; Trinh, Hien T.; Mallozzi, Michael; Vedantam, Gayatri; Songer, J. Glenn

doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2010.09.006

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, a recent study using an α-toxindeficient C. perfringens strain (JIR4107) demonstrated that the toxin may not be required for development of NE in chickens (Keyburn et al, 2006). In contrast, the involvement of α-toxin in NE disease pathogenesis was supported by the observation of Coursodon et al (2010), who showed that birds challenged with the α-toxin-deficient C. perfringens strain (JIR4107) devel-oped NE and that diseased birds had an accumulation of α-toxin in the gut. This latter study reconfirms the role of α-toxin in the pathogenesis of NE, which needs further investigation.…”

Section: Perfringens Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…α-Toxin-specific antibody titers were greater in the immunized birds compared with the unvaccinated controls, indicating that α-toxin may play a role in pathogenesis and function as a potential immunogen against NE. Recently, Coursodon et al (2010) provided evidence that challenge with an α-toxindeficient C. perfringens paradoxically induced NE le-sions in birds that were positively associated with the amount of α-toxin in the gut contents. Thus, the role of α-toxin in pathogenesis and in the vaccine candidate needs further investigation.…”

Section: Perfringens Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Avian necrotic enteritis: Experimental models, host immunity, pathogenesis, risk factors, and vaccine development

et al. 2011

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The increasing trends of legislative restrictions and voluntary removal of antibiotic growth promoters worldwide has already affected, and will continue to affect, poultry production and animal health. Necrotic enteritis (NE) is being considered among the most important infectious diseases in the current poultry production system globally, with an estimated annual economic loss of more than $2 billion, largely attributable to medical treatments and impaired growth performance. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop rational, alternative, and integrated management strategies not only to control NE, but also to prevent it. In both humans and many warm-blooded animals and birds, NE is caused by Clostridium perfringens, a gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium. To accomplish these goals, better understanding of host- and environmentally related factors on the development of NE and potential vaccination strategies against C. perfringens infection will be necessary. Furthermore, a reliable and reproducible NE disease model is needed for characterization of C. perfringens pathogenesis and host protective immunity. This review summarizes recent developments in NE disease models, pathogenesis, host immunity, risk factors, and vaccine development for C. perfringens-associated NE in poultry.

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Section: Perfringens Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Perfringens Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Avian necrotic enteritis: Experimental models, host immunity, pathogenesis, risk factors, and vaccine development

et al. 2011

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“…A 2006 study 76 found that a CPA null mutant produced lesions typical of NE in an experimental model and concluded that CPA was not critical for pathogenesis of NE. However, a 2010 study 33 examined the same CPA null mutant, not only finding lesion production but also detecting CPA in the intestinal tract of conventional birds challenged with the mutant, suggesting that wild-type strains of C. perfringens present in the intestine of these birds produced CPA, in effect complementing the mutant.…”

Section: Pathogenesis and Host Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosing clostridial enteric disease in poultry

2013

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Abstract. The world's poultry industry has grown into a multibillion-dollar business, the success of which hinges on healthy intestinal tracts, which result in effective feed conversion. Enteric disease in poultry can have devastating economic effects on producers, due to high mortality rates and poor feed efficiency. Clostridia are considered to be among the most important agents of enteric disease in poultry. Diagnosis of enteric diseases produced by clostridia is usually challenging, mainly because many clostridial species can be normal inhabitants of the gut, making it difficult to determine their role in virulence. The most common clostridial enteric disease in poultry is necrotic enteritis, caused by Clostridium perfringens, which typically occurs in broiler chickens but has also been diagnosed in various avian species including turkeys, waterfowl, and ostriches. Diagnosis is based on clinical and pathological findings. Negative culture and toxin detection results may be used to rule out this disease, but isolation of C. perfringens and/or detection of its alpha toxin are of little value to confirm the disease because both are often found in the intestine of healthy birds. Ulcerative enteritis, caused by Clostridium colinum, is the other major clostridial enteric disease of poultry. Diagnosis of ulcerative enteritis is by documentation of typical pathological findings, coupled with isolation of C. colinum from the intestine of affected birds. Other clostridial enteric diseases include infections produced by Clostridium difficile, Clostridium fallax, and Clostridium baratii.

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“…PE is the most abundant phospholipid present in intestinal epithelial cells (39) and is therefore a probable nutrient source during lesion formation at the intestinal mucosa, where C. perfringens cells are present in high numbers. PE can also be hydrolyzed by CPA (40), a zinc metallophospholipase C that, although no longer considered to be the key toxin involved (41), still appears to play a role in NE pathogenesis (42)(43)(44). Ethanolamine has been specifically implicated in virulence, due to its ability to serve as a sole carbon and nitrogen source for some bacterial pathogens, including C. perfringens (45).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Agr-Like Quorum Sensing System Is Required for Pathogenesis of Necrotic Enteritis Caused by Clostridium perfringens in Poultry

Lepp

Gohari

et al. 2017

Infect Immun

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Clostridium perfringens encodes at least two different quorum sensing (QS) systems, the Agr-like and LuxS, and recent studies have highlighted their importance in the regulation of toxin production and virulence. The role of QS in the pathogenesis of necrotic enteritis (NE) in poultry and the regulation of NetB, the key toxin involved, has not yet been investigated. We have generated isogenic agrB-null and complemented strains from parent strain CP1 and demonstrated that the virulence of the agrB-null mutant was strongly attenuated in a chicken NE model system and restored by complementation. The production of NetB, a key NE-associated toxin, was dramatically reduced in the agrB mutant at both the transcriptional and protein levels, though not in a luxS mutant. Transwell assays confirmed that the Agrlike QS system controls NetB production through a diffusible signal. Global gene expression analysis of the agrB mutant identified additional genes modulated by Agrlike QS, including operons related to phospholipid metabolism and adherence, which may also play a role in NE pathogenesis. This study provides the first evidence that the Agr-like QS system is critical for NE pathogenesis and identifies a number of Agr-regulated genes, most notably netB, that are potentially involved in mediating its effects. The Agr-like QS system thus may serve as a target for developing novel interventions to prevent NE in chickens.KEYWORDS NetB, Clostridium perfringens, Agr-like quorum sensing, LuxS, VirS/VirR, necrotic enteritis, poultry, quorum sensing C lostridium perfringens is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, anaerobic bacterium that is widely distributed in soil, feces, and foods as well as the normal intestinal microbiota of both humans and animals (1). C. perfringens is responsible for a number of human and animal diseases owing to an arsenal of at least 16 different extracellular toxins, including food poisoning, gas gangrene in humans, enterotoxemia of sheep and goats, lamb dysentery, and necrotic enteritis (NE) in poultry (2). Strains are classified into five toxinotypes (A to E) based on the production of four major typing toxins (alpha-, beta-, epsilon-, and iota-toxin) (3, 4).Certain type A strains can produce NE, an enteric disease of poultry that, in 2015, was estimated to cost the worldwide poultry industry nearly $6 billion in losses (5). The disease occurs when C. perfringens proliferates to high numbers in the intestinal tract and produces extracellular toxins, resulting in characteristic necrotic lesions and often high rates of mortality (6, 7). In addition to producing alpha-toxin (CPA), which is carried

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Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin is produced in the intestines of broiler chicks inoculated with an alpha toxin mutant

Cited by 23 publications

References 11 publications

Avian necrotic enteritis: Experimental models, host immunity, pathogenesis, risk factors, and vaccine development

Avian necrotic enteritis: Experimental models, host immunity, pathogenesis, risk factors, and vaccine development

Diagnosing clostridial enteric disease in poultry

The Agr-Like Quorum Sensing System Is Required for Pathogenesis of Necrotic Enteritis Caused by Clostridium perfringens in Poultry

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