Clostridium perfringens: A review of enteric diseases in dogs, cats and wild animals

Isolation and genotyping of Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium difficile in Capuchin Monkeys (Sapajus spp.)

“…All four isolates obtained in the present study were negative for all additional virulence factors tested, including beta-2 toxin encoding-gene (cpb2), already reported in other wild animals, and enterotoxinencoding gene (cpe), an important virulence factor for C. perfringens associated with disease in humans (GORMLEY et al, 2011;SILVA et al, 2015;MILTON et al, 2017). This is the first study to genotype and evaluate these common additional virulence factors in C. perfringens isolated from NHPs, so it is impossible to compare these findings to those from other primate species.…”

“…This is the first study to genotype and evaluate these common additional virulence factors in C. perfringens isolated from NHPs, so it is impossible to compare these findings to those from other primate species. Regardless, our results suggested that these additional virulence factors are less common in capuchin monkeys than in other wild animals including ruminants, canids, felids and birds (SILVA et al, 2014;SILVA et al, 2015;MILTON et al, 2017).…”

“…Furthermore, C. perfringens can produce additional virulence factors such as enterotoxin, which is responsible for diarrhea in humans (LINDSTRÖM et al, 2011), necrotic enteritis toxin B-like (NetB), which is responsible for necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens (KEYBURN et al, 2008), and NetF, which is associated with acute diarrhea in dogs and foals (GOHARI et al, 2015;DINIZ et al, 2016). Despite its importance as an enteropathogen, C. perfringens is commonly reported in the enteric microbiota of healthy animals, thus complicating the laboratory diagnosis of infections caused by this microorganism (SILVA et al, 2015). In wild animals, despite some case reports, the importance of C. perfringens remains unclear (SILVA et al, 2015).…”

“…Despite its importance as an enteropathogen, C. perfringens is commonly reported in the enteric microbiota of healthy animals, thus complicating the laboratory diagnosis of infections caused by this microorganism (SILVA et al, 2015). In wild animals, despite some case reports, the importance of C. perfringens remains unclear (SILVA et al, 2015). Specifically, in NHP species, the most common genotypes and the importance of additional virulence factors of C. perfringens are largely unknown.…”

“…Although, C. perfringens is commonly isolated from up to 90% of healthy individuals in domestic species, its prevalence seems to vary widely among wild animals (SILVA et al, 2015;MILTON et al, 2017). In addition, there have been few studies about C. perfringens in monkeys and none specifically with Sapajus sp., making comparisons difficult.…”