Clostridium muellerianum sp. nov., a carbon monoxide-oxidizing acetogen isolated from old hay

Abstract

An acid/alcohol-producing, Gram-stain-positive, obligately anaerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore forming acetogen, designated as strain P21T, was isolated from old hay after enrichment with CO as the substrate. Spores not observed even after prolonged incubation (30 days). Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain P21T showed it was closely related to Clostridium carboxidivorans DSM 15243T (97.9%), Clostridium scatologenes DSM 757T (97.7 %) and Clostridium drakei DSM 12750T (97.7 %). The genome is 5.6 Mb and the G+C content is 29.4 mol%. Average nucleotide identity between strain P21T, C. carboxidivorans , C. scatologenes and C. drakei was 87.1, 86.4, 86.4 %, respectively. Strain P21T grew on CO:CO2, H2:CO2, l-arabinose, ribose, xylose, fructose, galactose, glucose, lactose, mannose, cellobiose, sucrose, cellulose, starch, pyruvate, choline, glutamate, histidine, serine, threonine and casamino acids. End products of metabolism were acetate, butyrate, caproate, ethanol and hexanol. Dominant cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were C16 : 0 (41.5 %), C16 : 1 ω7c/C16 : 1 ω6c (10.0 %), and a summed feature containing cyclo C17 : 1/C18 : 0 (17.3 %). Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses, strain P21T represents a new species in the genus Clostridium , for which the name Clostridium muellerianum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is P21T (=DSM 111390T=NCIMB 15261T).

Clostridium tanneri sp. nov., isolated from the faecal material of an alpaca

“…In this study, an in-silico approach was used to investigate glycerophospholipid metabolism, the production of polar lipids was performed using the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Gene and Genomes (KEGG) database [31]. An in-silico approach is now encouraged and routinely utilised for polar lipid profiling [32][33][34][35][36], and along with biochemical traits, these methods are now routinely used for species descriptions [37][38][39]. The results (Fig.…”

Reclassification of Clostridium cocleatum, Clostridium ramosum, Clostridium spiroforme and Clostridium saccharogumia as Thomasclavelia cocleata gen. nov., comb. nov., Thomasclavelia ramosa comb. nov., gen. nov., Thomasclavelia spiroformis comb. nov. and Thomasclavelia saccharogumia comb. nov

“…In contrast, the enzyme cardiolipin synthase (EC:2.7.8.-, K01631) associated with the biosynthesis of the polar lipid diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG, cardiolipin) was identified across all members of the order Erysipelotrichales. This in-silico approach has been utilized routinely for polar lipid profiling [41][42][43][44][45][46][47] and is part of a larger shift towards incorporating genomic techniques in identification of other chemotaxonomic (fatty acid, polyamine, carbohydrate, quinone and peptidoglycan composition data) and biochemical traits routinely used for species descriptions [44,[48][49][50][51][52].…”

Pantoea leporis sp. nov., isolated from the faecal material of a rabbit

“…An in silico approach was used to investigate the production of polar lipids, which is now encouraged and routinely utilized for polar lipid profiling [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52], and along with biochemical traits these methods are now routinely used for species descriptions [48,[52][53][54][55][56]. Genes present included CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase (EC:2.7.8.8, K17103), phosphatidylserine decarboxylase (EC:4.1.1.65, K01613), phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, cardiolipin synthase (EC:2.7.8.-, K01631) and diphosphatidylglycerol (cardiolipin) (Fig.…”