Clostridium difficile infection

Vecchio, Andrea Lo; Zacur, George M.

doi:10.1097/mog.0b013e32834bc9a9

Cited by 168 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 94 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…For example, studies of the gut microbiome suggest that antibiotic administration can result in decreased diversity, which in some patients may be prolonged [16, 18, 38]; these patients are at increased risk of potentially life-threatening Clostridium difficile infections [39–41]. Similarly, a recent study has reported that patients with more diverse sinonasal microbiomes have better postsurgical outcomes [29▪], establishing that the microbiome can serve at least as a disease modulator.…”

Section: Current Sinus Microbiome Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sinonasal bacterial microbiome in health and disease

Ramakrishnan¹,

Hauser²,

Frank³

2016

Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose of review The development of culture-independent bacterial DNA sequencing techniques and integration into research practice has led to a burgeoning interest in the microbiome and its relevance to human health and disease. Introduction into the study of chronic rhinosinusitis in the past few years has shaped current thinking on the role of bacteria in the disease process. Recent findings Rich and diverse populations of bacteria inhabit the sinonasal cavity at all times. Decreased bacterial richness and diversity may be associated with disease state and outcomes. Summary Although there is much to be explored, the sinus microbiome appears to have potentially promising roles in many aspects of sinus health and disease.

show abstract

Section: Current Sinus Microbiome Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sinonasal bacterial microbiome in health and disease

Ramakrishnan¹,

Hauser²,

Frank³

2016

Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The most important secondary risk factors include comorbidity or underlying conditions, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), immunodeficiency and HIV, malnutrition, low serum albumin level (<2.5 g/dL), neoplastic diseases, cystic fibrosis, and diabetes [22]. Administration of broad-spectrum antimicrobials that impair the growth of normal flora and promote proliferation of toxigenic C. difficile remains the most widely recognized risk factor.…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Any kind of antibiotics mainly clindamycin, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones (moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin, and levofloxacin), ampicillin/amoxicillin, macrolides, co-trimoxazole, and tetracyclines can cause CDI. The exposure to metronidazole and vancomycin, which are used as the first choice drugs for treatment of CDI, may result in CDI themselves [21, 22]. …”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clostridium difficileInfection: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Risk Factors, and Therapeutic Options

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The incidence and mortality rate of Clostridium difficile infection have increased remarkably in both hospital and community settings during the last two decades. The growth of infection may be caused by multiple factors including inappropriate antibiotic usage, poor standards of environmental cleanliness, changes in infection control practices, large outbreaks of C. difficile infection in hospitals, alteration of circulating strains of C. difficile, and spread of hypervirulent strains. Detection of high-risk populations could be helpful for prompt diagnosis and consequent treatment of patients suffering from C. difficile infection. Metronidazole and oral vancomycin are recommended antibiotics for the treatment of initial infection. Current treatments for C. difficile infection consist of supportive care, discontinuing the unnecessary antibiotic, and specific antimicrobial therapy. Moreover, novel approaches include fidaxomicin therapy, monoclonal antibodies, and fecal microbiota transplantation mediated therapy. Fecal microbiota transplantation has shown relevant efficacy to overcome C. difficile infection and reduce its recurrence.

show abstract

“…The recurrence of CDI is difficult to treat, even with pulsed or tapered antibiotic (principally vancomycin-based) regimens. Patients who have recurrences become debilitated and carry out higher risk of severe CDI complications [23,29]. …”

Section: Fmt In CDImentioning

confidence: 99%

Principles of DNA-Based Gut Microbiota Assessment and Therapeutic Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Gastrointestinal Diseases

Cammarota

Pecere²,

Ianiro³

et al. 2016

Dig Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), a process by which the normal gastrointestinal microbiota is restored, has demonstrated extraordinary cure rates for Clostridium difficile infection and low recurrence. The community of microorganisms within the human gut (or microbiota) is critical to health status and functions; therefore, together with the rise of FMT, the gastrointestinal microbiota has emerged as a ‘virtual' organ with a level of complexity comparable to that of any other organ system and capable to compete with powerful known antibiotics for the treatment of several disorders. Although treatment protocols, donor selection, stool preparation and delivery methods varied widely, with a few reports following an identical protocol, FMT has diffused to other areas where the alterations of the gut microbiota ecology (or dysbiosis) have been theorized to play a causative role, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), among several other extra-intestinal disorders (i.e. metabolic syndrome and obesity, multiple sclerosis, cardiovascular diseases). FMT can be relatively simple to perform, but a number of challenges need to be overcome before this procedure is widely accepted in clinical practice, and currently, there is no consensus between the various gastrointestinal organizations and societies regarding the FMT procedure. In this article, we describe the modern high-throughput sequencing techniques to characterize the composition of gut microbiota and the potential for therapeutics by manipulating microbiota with FMT in several gastrointestinal disorders (C. difficile-associated diarrhea, IBD and IBS), with a look on the potential future directions of FMT.

show abstract

Clostridium difficile infection

Cited by 168 publications

References 94 publications

The sinonasal bacterial microbiome in health and disease

The sinonasal bacterial microbiome in health and disease

Clostridium difficileInfection: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Risk Factors, and Therapeutic Options

Principles of DNA-Based Gut Microbiota Assessment and Therapeutic Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Gastrointestinal Diseases

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About