Clostridium difficile carbohydrates: glucan in spores, PSII common antigen in cells, immunogenicity of PSII in swine and synthesis of a dual C. difficile–ETEC conjugate vaccine

Bertolo, Lisa; Boncheff, Alexander G.; Ma, Zuchao; Chen, Yu Han; Wakeford, Terra; Friendship, Robert; Rosseau, Joyce; Weese, J. Scott; Chu, Michele; Mallozzi, Michael; Vedantam, Gayatri; Monteiro, Mário A.

doi:10.1016/j.carres.2012.03.032

Cited by 37 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…Independently-acquired ground beef was inoculated using a single spore suspension at a rate of approximately 100 spores/gram in three laboratories with expertise culturing and characterizing C. difficile. The spore suspension was prepared as described previously (Bertolo et al, 2012), except that phase contrast microscopy was not performed. Three types of initial broth enrichment were tested: 1) C. difficile Moxalactam Norfloxacin (CDMN) broth (ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA) + 0.1% Taurocholate (SigmaeAldrich, St. Louis, MO) without heat shock; 2) Brain Hearth Infusion (BHI) broth (ThermoFisher Scientific) + 0.1% Taurocholate (BHIT) without heat shock; and 3) BHIT including a heat shock step.…”

Section: Comparison Of Culture Methods For C Difficile Culture From mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a consensus method for culture of Clostridium difficile from meat and its use in a survey of U.S. retail meats

et al. 2012

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Three previously described methods for culture of Clostridium difficile from meats were evaluated by microbiologists with experience in C. difficile culture and identification. A consensus protocol using BHI broth enrichment followed by ethanol shock and plating to selective and non-selective media was selected for use, and all participating laboratories received hands-on training in the use of this method prior to study initiation. Retail meat products (N = 1755) were cultured for C. difficile over 12 months during 2010-2011 at 9 U.S. FoodNet sites. No C. difficile was recovered, although other clostridia were isolated.

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Section: Comparison Of Culture Methods For C Difficile Culture From mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a consensus method for culture of Clostridium difficile from meat and its use in a survey of U.S. retail meats

et al. 2012

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“…PS-I was first detected on the hypervirulent C. difficile strain 027 but it is not specific to this ribotype [199]. Conjugates of either synthetic PS-I or its disaccharide minimal immunogenic epitope with the diphtheria toxin variant CRM 197 proved immunogenic in mice [200].…”

Section: Active Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Experimental and Off-Label Therapies for Clostridium difficile Infection

2016

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In spite of increased awareness and the efforts taken to optimize Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) management, with the limited number of currently available antibiotics for C. difficile the halt of this increasing epidemic remains out of reach. There are, however, close to 80 alternative treatment methods with controversial anti-clostridial efficacy or in experimental phase today. Indeed, some of these therapies are expected to become acknowledged members of the recommended anti-CDI arsenal within the next few years. None of these alternative treatment methods can respond in itself to all the major challenges of CDI management, which are primary prophylaxis in the susceptible population, clinical cure of severe cases, prevention of recurrences, and forestallment of asymptomatic C. difficile carriage and in-hospital spread. Yet, the greater the variety of treatment choices on hand, the better combination strategies can be developed to reach these goals in the future. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive summary of these experimental and currently off-label therapeutic options.

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“…139 Importantly, in the same study it was evidenced that one single repeating unit phosphorylated at the non-terminal sugar was able to reach IgG levels comparable to the polymer, and the charged phosphate group is critical to induce IgG antibodies able to recognize the entire native polysaccharide. 139 Conjugation of PSII to the enterotoxin B subunit (LTB) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) 143 also achieved the induction of an immunogenic response against native PSII in rabbits.…”

Section: Surface Carbohydratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccines againstClostridium difficile

Leuzzi

Adamo

Scarselli

2014

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Clostridium difficile carbohydrates: glucan in spores, PSII common antigen in cells, immunogenicity of PSII in swine and synthesis of a dual C. difficile–ETEC conjugate vaccine

Cited by 37 publications

References 31 publications

Development of a consensus method for culture of Clostridium difficile from meat and its use in a survey of U.S. retail meats

Development of a consensus method for culture of Clostridium difficile from meat and its use in a survey of U.S. retail meats

A Review of Experimental and Off-Label Therapies for Clostridium difficile Infection

Vaccines againstClostridium difficile

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