Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin.

Sugiyama, Hiroshi

doi:10.1128/mmbr.44.3.419-448.1980

Cited by 229 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 142 publications

(195 reference statements)

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“…Colonisation of infant mice with C. botulinum does not cause illness despite the detection of up to 2000 mature mouse intraperitoneal50% lethal doses of toxin in the colon and caecum. This is thought to be due to localisation of the toxin to the colon where it would be poorly absorbed (Sugiyama 1980). The presence of toxin in the ileal is probably a more significant finding with respect to clinical outcome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association ofClostridium botulinumtype C with equine grass sickness: a toxicoinfection?

Hunter

Miller²,

Poxton

1999

Equine Veterinary Journal

109

115

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Summary The cause of grass sickness, an equine dysautonomia, is unknown. The disease usually results in death. Gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction is a common clinical manifestation in all forms of the disease. It is generally thought that equine grass sickness (EGS) is caused by an ingested or enterically produced neurotoxin which is absorbed through the GI tract. Clostridium botulinum was first implicated as a causative agent when it was isolated from the GI tract of a horse with EGS in 1919. The aim of the present study was to investigate the hypothesis that EGS results from toxicoinfection with C. botulinum type C: growth of the bacterium in the GI tract with production of toxin (BoNT/C). Ileum contents and faeces from horses with EGS were investigated for BoNT/C, and indirectly for the presence of C. botulinum type C., and compared with control samples from horses without EGS. BoNT/C was detected directly by ELISA in the ileum of 45% (13/29) of horses with EGS compared to 4% (1/28) of controls, and in the faeces of 44% (20/45) of horses with EGS compared to 4% (3/77) of controls. Levels of up to 10 μg toxin/g wet weight of gut contents were observed. The one control horse with detectable toxin in the ileum had been clinically diagnosed as having acute EGS, but this was not confirmed by histopathology. The organism was detected indirectly by assaying for BoNT/C by ELISA after enrichment in culture medium. C. botulinum type C was shown to be present in 48% (14/29) of ileum samples and 44% (20/45) of faecal samples from horses with EGS, compared with 7% (2/27) of ileum samples and 8% (6/72) of faecal samples from controls. These results support the hypothesis that EGS results from a C. botulinum type C toxicoinfection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association ofClostridium botulinumtype C with equine grass sickness: a toxicoinfection?

Hunter

Miller²,

Poxton

1999

Equine Veterinary Journal

109

115

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“…In-vitro techniques for toxin detection have been described, but are generally less sensitive than mouse inoculation (Smith 1977;Sugiyama 1980). Some ELISA's have approached, or equalled, mouse inoculation in sensitivity when applied to culture supernatants and purified neurotoxin (Lewis et all981;Shone et al 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Clostridium botulinum types C and D toxin by ELISA

1991

Aust Veterinary J

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An ELISA to detect Clostridium botulinum type D toxin was developed using polyclonal antibodies to a semi-purified toxic complex of the neurotoxin. Sensitivity of the ELISA for detecting type C and type D toxin compared with mouse inoculation was 70% and specificity 96% on samples from animals with botulism diagnosed on clinical signs and herd history. However, both mouse inoculation and the ELISA failed to detect toxin in many animals with a presumptive diagnosis of botulism. Some cross-reaction was seen with Clostridium novyi type A, but not with other clostridial species. While the ELISA described here cannot replace mouse inoculation for the diagnosis of botulism, it is a useful additional test.

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“…A-Komplexes (Neurotoxin + Komplexproteine) variiert insbesondere im Anteil der Komplexproteine. Neurotoxin Typ A-Komplexe mit Molekulargewichten von 300, 600 und 900 kDa sind bekannt [21]. Der 900 kDa-Komplex besteht aus dem Neurotoxin, einem Non-Hämagglutinin (120 kDa) und vier Hämagglutininen (à 17-52 kDa) [22].…”

Section: Die Zusammensetzung Des Botulinum Neurotoxin Typunclassified

S1 guideline aesthetic botulinum toxin therapy

Imhof

Sommer²

2013

J Deutsche Derma Gesell

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Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin.

Cited by 229 publications

References 142 publications

The association ofClostridium botulinumtype C with equine grass sickness: a toxicoinfection?

The association ofClostridium botulinumtype C with equine grass sickness: a toxicoinfection?

Detection of Clostridium botulinum types C and D toxin by ELISA

S1 guideline aesthetic botulinum toxin therapy

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