Clostridial diarrheas in piglets: A review

Uzal, Francisco A.; Navarro, Mauricio A.; Asín, Javier; Boix, Oriol; Ballarà-Rodriguez, Isaac; Gibert, X.

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109691

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…In our study, the detection of C. perfringens type A increased the probability of observing bacilli in close proximity to the mucosa and decreased the probability of observing epithelial necrosis. Degenerative and necrotic changes in the intestinal mucosa have been described as being suggestive of clostridiosis in pigs [20,22]. However, the presence of bacilli in close proximity to the mucosa did not correlate with that of simultaneous histological lesions in one previous study, suggesting that the localization of C. perfringens in the intestinal mucosa is not linked to its pathogenicity [6], which could be confirmed in our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

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Microbiological Findings and Associated Histopathological Lesions in Neonatal Diarrhoea Cases between 2020 and 2022 in a French Veterinary Pig Practice

Boulbria¹,

Costa²,

Amenna-Bernard³

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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This retrospective study described the aetiologies of neonatal diarrhoea cases and their associations with histological findings. A total of 106 diarrhoeic neonatal piglets were selected. Cultures, MALDI typings, PCRs and evaluation of intestinal lesions were performed. A total of 51 cases (48.1%) were positive for only one pathogen and 54 (50.9%) were positive for more than one pathogen. Clostridium perfringens type A was the most frequently detected pathogen (61.3%), followed by Enterococcus hirae (43.4%), rotavirus type A (38.7%), rotavirus type C (11.3%) and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (3.8%). Only lesions in the small intestine were correlated with detected pathogens. The detection of rotavirus was associated with an increased probability of observing villous atrophy (p < 0.001), crypt hyperplasia (p = 0.01) and leucocyte necrosis in the lamina propria (p = 0.05). The detection of Clostridium perfringens type A was associated with an increased probability of observing bacilli in close proximity to the mucosa (p < 0.001) and a decreased probability of observing epithelial necrosis (p = 0.04). Detection of Enterococcus hirae was associated with an increased probability of observing enteroadherent cocci (p < 0.001). Multivariate regression logistic models revealed that epithelial necrosis was more likely to occur in Enterococcus hirae-positive piglets (p < 0.02) and neutrophilic infiltrate was more likely to occur in Clostridium perfringens type A- and Enterococcus hirae-positive piglets (p = 0.04 and p = 0.02, respectively).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…The C. perfringens strains cultured in this study were C. perfringens type A isolates and both Cpα and Cpβ2 toxin genes in all the tested isolates. The role of C. perfringens type A as a primary cause of neonatal diarrhoea is controversial [5,20]. C. perfringens type A is commonly found in healthy piglets [9,14,16,21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological Findings and Associated Histopathological Lesions in Neonatal Diarrhoea Cases between 2020 and 2022 in a French Veterinary Pig Practice

Boulbria¹,

Costa²,

Amenna-Bernard³

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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“…In total, considering the cross-sectional studies on the farms, 10.9% of the animal samples were positive for C. difficile , with a higher prevalence in swine (14.6%, 105/720) compared to cattle (3.6%, 13/360). This result is not surprising, since C. difficile is a well-known pathogen for pigs, in particular for neonatal piglets [ 31 , 56 , 57 , 58 ]. In fact, the rate of mortality associated with CDI can reach 50% in suckling piglets, with as many as 58% of the surviving animals showing weight loss [ 31 , 59 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This result is not surprising, since C. difficile is a well-known pathogen for pigs, in particular for neonatal piglets [ 31 , 56 , 57 , 58 ]. In fact, the rate of mortality associated with CDI can reach 50% in suckling piglets, with as many as 58% of the surviving animals showing weight loss [ 31 , 59 ]. In our study, a significant percentage (69.4%) of positive piglet carcasses presented mesocolonic edema, a characteristic lesion already described by other authors in CDI cases [ 31 , 59 , 60 , 61 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…New C. difficile ribotypes may rapidly emerge and spread through the global health care system, as demonstrated for the RT 027 lineage [ 25 ], and also move between animal and human hosts, with no geographical barriers, as demonstrated for the RT 078 lineage [ 26 , 27 , 28 ]. In particular, C. difficile has frequently been detected in both healthy and symptomatic food animals [ 11 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. In addition, the detection of C. difficile in retail meat and the resistance of C. difficile spores to temperature has raised concerns about the possibility that the consumption of raw contaminated foods could lead to colonization and infection by C. difficile in humans [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clostridioides difficile in Pigs and Dairy Cattle in Northern Italy: Prevalence, Characterization and Comparison between Animal and Human Strains

Spigaglia,

Barbanti,

Faccini

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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It has been observed that novel strains of Clostridioides difficile can rapidly emerge and move between animal and human hosts. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of C. difficile in pigs and dairy cattle in northern Italy and to characterize and compare C. difficile animal strains with those from patients from the same geographical area. The C. difficile strains were isolated from animals from farms and slaughterhouses (cross-sectional studies) and from neonatal animals with enteric disorders in routine diagnostic investigations (passive surveillance). Samples positive for C. difficile were found in 87% of the pig farms and in 40% of the cattle farms involved in the cross-sectional studies, with a 20% prevalence among suckling piglets and 6.7% prevalence in neonatal calves, with no significant difference between animals with and without diarrheal symptoms. The prevalence of C. difficile in older animal categories was significantly lower. This result suggests that young age is an important risk factor for C. difficile colonization. In cross-sectional studies at slaughterhouses, in both the heavy pigs and dairy cows examined, only 2% of the intestinal content samples were positive for C. difficile and no contamination was found on the surface of the carcasses. Considering passive surveillance, the prevalence rates of positive samples were 29% in piglets and 1.4% in calves. Overall, 267 strains of animal origin and 97 from humans were collected. In total, 39 ribotypes (RTs) were identified, with RT 078 and RT 018 being predominant among animals and humans, respectively. Several RTs overlapped between animals and patients. In particular, RT 569 was identified as an emergent type in our country. Resistance to erythromycin and moxifloxacin was widely diffused among C. difficile strains, regardless of origin. This study supports C. difficile as a pathogen of one-health importance and highlights the need for a collaborative approach between physicians and veterinarians to control and prevent infections that are able to cross species and geographical barriers.

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Cell-Free Supernatant of Bacillus subtilis G2B9-Q Improves Intestinal Health and Modulates Immune Response to Promote Mouse Recovery in Clostridium perfringens Infection

Xu,

Feng,

Song

et al. 2024

Curr Microbiol

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Clostridial diarrheas in piglets: A review

Cited by 8 publications

References 74 publications

Microbiological Findings and Associated Histopathological Lesions in Neonatal Diarrhoea Cases between 2020 and 2022 in a French Veterinary Pig Practice

Microbiological Findings and Associated Histopathological Lesions in Neonatal Diarrhoea Cases between 2020 and 2022 in a French Veterinary Pig Practice

Clostridioides difficile in Pigs and Dairy Cattle in Northern Italy: Prevalence, Characterization and Comparison between Animal and Human Strains

Cell-Free Supernatant of Bacillus subtilis G2B9-Q Improves Intestinal Health and Modulates Immune Response to Promote Mouse Recovery in Clostridium perfringens Infection

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