Closing the mechanistic gap: the value of microarchitecture in understanding cognitive networks

Paquola, Casey; Amunts, Katrin; Evans, Alan C.; Smallwood, Jonathan; Bernhardt, Boris C.

doi:10.1016/j.tics.2022.07.001

Cited by 36 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…Contemporary perspectives emphasise that cortical gradients capture multi-factorial changes in neurobiological features (50,(116)(117)(118)(119). The most prominent gradient, the "sensory-fugal axis", runs from primary sensory areas towards limbic areas (103,116) and involves concomitant changes in myeloarchitecture, cytoarchitecture, connectivity and function (118,120,121) (Figure 3Ai-ii).…”

Section: Linking Local Myelin Markers To Connectome Organisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential of Myelin-Sensitive Imaging: Redefining Spatiotemporal Patterns of Myeloarchitecture

Paquola¹,

Hong²

2023

Biological Psychiatry

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Section: Linking Local Myelin Markers To Connectome Organisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential of Myelin-Sensitive Imaging: Redefining Spatiotemporal Patterns of Myeloarchitecture

Paquola¹,

Hong²

2023

Biological Psychiatry

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“…While a great deal of attention has been directed at the elucidation of the relevant neuroanatomical networks, much less progress has been made in describing the cellular and subcellular dynamics that give rise to these network-level interactions. Understanding complex cognitive processes cannot come solely from analyses of network-level activity 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1060786 but will require a full description of these "micro" level events (Paquola et al, 2022).…”

Section: The Structure Of General Cognitive Abilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multi-faceted role of dual-state dopamine signaling in working memory, attentional control, and intelligence

Matzel

Sauce

2023

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Genetic evidence strongly suggests that individual differences in intelligence will not be reducible to a single dominant cause. However, some of those variations/changes may be traced to tractable, cohesive mechanisms. One such mechanism may be the balance of dopamine D1 (D1R) and D2 (D2R) receptors, which regulate intrinsic currents and synaptic transmission in frontal cortical regions. Here, we review evidence from human, animal, and computational studies that suggest that this balance (in density, activity state, and/or availability) is critical to the implementation of executive functions such as attention and working memory, both of which are principal contributors to variations in intelligence. D1 receptors dominate neural responding during stable periods of short-term memory maintenance (requiring attentional focus), while D2 receptors play a more specific role during periods of instability such as changing environmental or memory states (requiring attentional disengagement). Here we bridge these observations with known properties of human intelligence. Starting from theories of intelligence that place executive functions (e.g., working memory and attentional control) at its center, we propose that dual-state dopamine signaling might be a causal contributor to at least some of the variation in intelligence across individuals and its change by experiences/training. Although it is unlikely that such a mechanism can account for more than a modest portion of the total variance in intelligence, our proposal is consistent with an array of available evidence and has a high degree of explanatory value. We suggest future directions and specific empirical tests that can further elucidate these relationships.

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“…To further understand system-level functional lateralization alterations in autism, here we investigated the asymmetry of intra-and inter-hemispheric functional connectome gradients (Gotts et al, 2013;Wan et al, 2022), which robustly capture associated organizational features (Margulies et al, 2016;Vos de Wael et al, 2020). Cortical regions show organizational axes reflecting integration and segregation (Gotts et al, 2013) along different dimensions (Huntenburg et al, 2018;Margulies et al, 2016;Paquola et al, 2022;Smallwood et al, 2021). Gradient 1 (G1) transitions between sensory and default mode networks, gradient 2 (G2) between sensory and visual cortices, and gradient 3 (G3) between default mode and multiple demand networks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverging asymmetry of intrinsic functional organization in autism

Wan

Hong

Bethlehem

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition involving atypical sensory-perceptual functions together with language and socio-cognitive deficits. Previous work has reported subtle alterations in the asymmetry of brain structure and reduced laterality of functional activation in individuals with autism relative to non-autistic individuals (NAI). However, whether functional asymmetries show altered intrinsic systematic organization in autism remains unclear. Here, we computed inter- and intra-hemispheric asymmetry of intrinsic functional gradients capturing connectome organization along three axes, stretching between sensory-default, somatomotor-visual, and default-multiple demand networks, to study system-level hemispheric imbalances in autism. We observed decreased leftward functional asymmetry of language network organization in individuals with autism, relative to NAI. Whereas language network asymmetry varied across age groups in NAI, this was not the case in autism, suggesting atypical functional laterality in autism may result from altered developmental trajectories. Finally, we observed that intra- but not inter-hemispheric features were predictive of the severity of autistic traits. In sum, our findings illustrate how regional and patterned functional lateralization is altered in autism at the system level. Such differences may be rooted in altered developmental trajectories of functional organization asymmetry in autism.

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Closing the mechanistic gap: the value of microarchitecture in understanding cognitive networks

Cited by 36 publications

References 131 publications

The Potential of Myelin-Sensitive Imaging: Redefining Spatiotemporal Patterns of Myeloarchitecture

The Potential of Myelin-Sensitive Imaging: Redefining Spatiotemporal Patterns of Myeloarchitecture

A multi-faceted role of dual-state dopamine signaling in working memory, attentional control, and intelligence

Diverging asymmetry of intrinsic functional organization in autism

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