“…Counselor educators consistently have had to demonstrate the effectiveness of their training programs (Bergin & Strupp, 1972;Carkhuff, 1966;Matarazzo, 1971) and have been accused of not relating to actual field situations encountered by counselors (Liston, 1972;Whitely, 1969). Also, disenchantment with traditional counselor training programs and services has influenced the rapid growth of lay-initiated groups, especially those dealing with people in crisis (McCord & Packwood, 1973).…”