Closely spaced terminated monopoles for vehicular diversity antennas

Spatial correlation for general distributions of scatterers

“…One interpretation of this is that the presence of other antennas creates a slow-wave structure that, in effect, decreases the wavelength of the signal in their vicinity and, thus, increases the number of wavelengths separation between the elements. This phenomenon was first reported in [15] and has recently been reported in [16]. If it proves true, in general, that mutual coupling effects decrease correlation, then the closed-form expressions of the previous sections may be considered as upper bounds on the correlation between antennas in an electromagnetic field.…”

Using “predictor antennas” for long-range prediction of fast fading for moving relays

“…The correlation remained high for distances up to several wavelengths. However, a large reduction of correlations was measured for antenna separations of 0.2-0.4 wavelengths, due to mutual electromagnetic coupling effects [11]. (The main interest of this work was to what extent correlation is low, to obtain diversity.…”

The Noise Performance of a Multiple-Input-Port and Multiple-Output-Port Low-Noise Amplifier Connected to an Array of Coupled Antennas

“…The physical size of the antenna array is often limited by the application, for example in the case of portable transceivers. Antenna coupling may in such a case be so large that the nondiagonal entries cannot be ignored when one computes the directivity patterns and correlations of the channels [3,4]. A large coupling between the antennas will also impact the noise performance of the receiver front-end because the noise power delivered by an input port may excite other input ports via antenna coupling.…”