Closely Related Male-Killing and Nonmale-Killing Wolbachia Strains in the Oriental Tea Tortrix Homona magnanima

Arai, Hiroshi; Lin, Shiou Ruei; Nakai, M.; Kunimi, Yasuhisa; Inoue, Maki

doi:10.1007/s00248-019-01469-6

Cited by 27 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Wolbachia density can be indicative of its phenotypic effect on the host (Arai et al, 2020;Breeuwer & Werren, 1993). Our observations here are consistent with Wolbachia-induced feminization of genetic males (Stouthamer et al,1999).…”

Section: Potential Wolbachia-mediated Feminization On the Outer Hebridessupporting

confidence: 90%

Evidence for multiple colonisations and Wolbachia infections shaping the genetic structure of the widespread butterfly Polyommatus icarus in the British Isles

et al. 2021

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The paradigm of isolation in southern refugia during glacial periods followed by expansions during interglacials, producing limited genetic differentiation in northern areas, dominates European phylogeography. However, the existence of complex structured populations in formerly glaciated areas, and islands connected to mainland areas during glacial maxima, call for alternative explanations. We reconstructed the mtDNA phylogeography of the widespread Polyommatus Icarus butterfly with an emphasis on the formerly glaciated and connected British Isles. We found distinct geographical structuring of CO1 haplogroups, with an ancient lineage restricted to the marginal European areas, including Northern Scotland and Outer Hebrides. Population genomic analyses, using ddRADSeq genomic markers, also reveal substantial genetic structuring within Britain. However, there is negligble mito-nuclear concordance consistent with independent demographic histories of mitochondrial versus nuclear DNA.While mtDNA-Wolbachia associations in northern Britain could account for the geographic structuring of mtDNA across most of the British Isles, for nuclear DNA markers (derived from ddRADseq data) butterflies from France cluster between northern and southern British populations -an observation consistent with a scenario of multiple recolonisation. Taken together our results suggest that contemporary mtDNA structuring in the British Isles (and potentially elsewhere in Europe) largely results from Wolbachia infections, however, nuclear genomic structuring suggests a history of at least two distinct colonisations. This two-stage colonisation scenario has previously been put forth to explain genetic diversity and structuring in other British flora and fauna. Additionally, we also present preliminary evidence for potential Wolbachiainduced feminization in the Outer Hebrides.

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Section: Potential Wolbachia-mediated Feminization On the Outer Hebridessupporting

confidence: 90%

Evidence for multiple colonisations and Wolbachia infections shaping the genetic structure of the widespread butterfly Polyommatus icarus in the British Isles

et al. 2021

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“…Wolbachia dosage can influence phenotypic outcomes in the host (Arai, Lin, Nakai, Kunimi, & Inoue, 2020; Breeuwer & Werren, 1993), thus the high levels of w Ica1 observed in females of the Outer Hebrides population could be indicative of Wolbachia induced feminization. In this scenario, morphological males should all be homozygous and morphological females should be heterozygous for female-specific markers (homozygous for Z but a novel allele for W chromosome).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, Outer Hebridean morphological females carried a Wolbachia load that was, based on our proxy metric for copy number, an order of magnitude higher than in morphological males. Wolbachia density can be indicative of its phenotypic effect on the host (Arai et al ., 2020; Breeuwer & Werren, 1993). Our observations here are consistent with Wolbachia -induced feminization of genetic males (Stouthamer, Breeuwer, & Hurst, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dirty north: Evidence for multiple colonisations and Wolbachia infections shaping the genetic structure of the widespread butterflyPolyommatus icarusin the British Isles

Arif

Gerth

Hone-Millard

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Deeply divergent mitochondrial genomes can reveal hidden diversity within species, however robust assessments of diversity require corroborative divergence in the nuclear genome. Previous phylogeographic analysis of the Common Blue butterfly (Polyommatus icarus) revealed a deeply divergent mitotype in Europe. Here, we reconstruct the phylogeography of this butterfly in the British Isles using both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. We found strong geographical structuring of three distinct CO1 mitotypes with an ancient lineage restricted to the Outer Hebrides. The short time (c. 20,000 years) available for colonization of the British Isles and an expanded CO1 phylogeography from the species’ entire range supports a hypothesis of at least 3 colonization events with sequential replacement of mtDNA. Analysis of ddRADSeq genomic markers from 184 individuals across the British Isles indicates that genetic clustering is similar but divergence weaker at the nuclear level, consistent with a biogeographic scenario of multiple colonisations. We were also able to use the ddRADSeq to infer the infection status of all individuals sequenced. Interestingly, we found evidence for high frequency (>70%) infections by two different Wolbachia strains, with strong mitotype associations, in the Northern populations of the British Isles. Wolbachia-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility may be sufficient to explain the mito-nuclear discordance observed across an admixture zone on the mainland and the complete dominance of a deeply divergent mitotype on the Outer Hebrides. Moreover, the strain (wIca1), largely restricted to the Outer Hebrides potentially causes phenotypic feminisation of genetic males, a known but rare phenotypic effect of Wolbachia in Lepidoptera. Therefore, the impact of Wolbachia on the biology and genetic diversity of this butterfly merits further attention.

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“…In this context, in the present study, we aimed to develop chemical methods for separating eggs apart from complex egg clusters laid by two species of tortricid moths, Homona magnanima Diakonoff and Adoxophyes honmai Yasuda, both of which are serious polyphagous pests known to damage tea trees in East Asia, including Japan (Arai et al . 2019, 2020; Nakai et al . 2017; Takamatsu et al .…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, eggs of both H. magnanima and A. honmai are concatenated with maternal secretions (Arai et al . 2020). In the present study, we tested chemicals for separation of H. magnanima and A. honmai eggs at 25°C under 60% relative humidity.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

A simple method to disperse eggs from lepidopteran scalelike egg masses and to observe embryogenesis

Arai

Ishitsubo

Nakai

et al. 2022

Entomological Science

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Various insect species lay tiny, thin‐ and soft‐shelled eggs in a connected “egg mass”. Especially in several lepidopteran species, the structure of such clustered eggs is covered with complicated scale‐like secretion, which has so far prevented analysis of individual embryos. However, few studies on methods to disperse egg clusters of such insects and to compare different methods have been carried out. To overcome these problems, we developed methods to separate egg masses into individual eggs, using two Tortricidae pests, Homona magnanima Diakonoff and Adoxophyes honmai Yasuda (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). The eggs were successfully separated from each other using potassium hydroxide and sodium hypochlorite. Although the separated eggs no longer continued their embryogenesis, fixation with heptane–paraformaldehyde, permeabilization with heptane–methanol, and staining with several dyes enabled easy observation of embryogenesis. This protocol is expected to be applicable to other insect taxa and will facilitate further morphological and genetic studies in insects that lay egg masses.

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Closely Related Male-Killing and Nonmale-Killing Wolbachia Strains in the Oriental Tea Tortrix Homona magnanima

Cited by 27 publications

References 48 publications

Evidence for multiple colonisations and Wolbachia infections shaping the genetic structure of the widespread butterfly Polyommatus icarus in the British Isles

Evidence for multiple colonisations and Wolbachia infections shaping the genetic structure of the widespread butterfly Polyommatus icarus in the British Isles

The dirty north: Evidence for multiple colonisations and Wolbachia infections shaping the genetic structure of the widespread butterflyPolyommatus icarusin the British Isles

A simple method to disperse eggs from lepidopteran scalelike egg masses and to observe embryogenesis

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