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2014
DOI: 10.5539/ijbm.v9n3p196
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Closed versus Open Innovation: Evolution or Combination?

Abstract: The concept of open innovation has attracted great interest from the academic and industrial sectors alike. Despite the ongoing debate, we can see some lack of consistency of its principles. The purpose of this paper is to set out a conceptual reflection on the foundations of innovation and its process and discuss new proposals from the literature on open innovation. We question whether this concept is really a new model, or if it is nothing more than a recent combination, sponsored by academics. We have exami… Show more

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Cited by 49 publications
(36 citation statements)
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References 34 publications
(38 reference statements)
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“…In light of the growth in the adoption of longitudinal methods in the study of innovation (Perks & Roberts, 2013), the present research offers a new longitudinal perspective of innovation trends over time. More importantly, the present exploratory research may indicate the importance of the context in which innovation advances, in line with recent research suggesting that innovation advances with the development of society and the economy (Marques, 2014).…”
Section: Introductionsupporting
confidence: 85%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…In light of the growth in the adoption of longitudinal methods in the study of innovation (Perks & Roberts, 2013), the present research offers a new longitudinal perspective of innovation trends over time. More importantly, the present exploratory research may indicate the importance of the context in which innovation advances, in line with recent research suggesting that innovation advances with the development of society and the economy (Marques, 2014).…”
Section: Introductionsupporting
confidence: 85%
“…Our second study examines innovations that were actually commercialized, rather than patents or innovations that may have remained merely ideas. Some scholars do not even consider non-commercialized technologies as innovation, but rather as mere invention (Marques, 2014). Indeed, in many cases patents and ideas do not mature into working products, but remain passive knowledge that does not translate into further technological evolution (Golder et al, 2009;Trajtenberg, 1990).…”
Section: Creation Of New Marketsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The principles defining an open process are completely inverse for a usual 'closed innovation' model, in which generated ideas and created innovations (which are further developed, commercialized and financed) exclusively are limited within the very firms. In the case of closed innovation, firms exceptionally rely on the performance of their research and development departments only; this is a linear, consistent process taking place within a firm (Marques, 2014). On the contrary, the model of open innovation is dynamic; it integrates different participants.…”
Section: Open Innovation Modes In the Context Of Internationalizationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Innovation, which broadly involves the facilitation and generation of, inter alia, new ideas, products, and markets (Marques, 2014), has-both historically and conventionally-been cast as beneficial and positive for both individuals and organizations. In this vein, many definitions and variations of innovation have been developed in recent decades (Johannessen, Olsen and Lumpkin;Christensen, Scott, and Roth, 2013;Hedström and Wennberg, 2016).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%