Closed-loop class E transcutaneous power and data link for MicroImplants

Troyk, Philip R.; Schwan, Michael

doi:10.1109/10.141197

Cited by 152 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, these approaches are all still preliminary without mature applications. Another available and mature power source is RF powering [13], including magnetic-coupling based inductive link [14] and electronic-coupling based passive E-field [15]. This has the ability to charge many sensors simultaneously.…”

Section: A Cluster-based Networking and Rotation Of The Cluster Leadermentioning

confidence: 99%

Communication Scheduling to Minimize Thermal Effects of Implanted Biosensor Networks in Homogeneous Tissue

Tang

Tummala

Gupta

et al. 2005

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.

172

122

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Abstract-A network of biosensors can be implanted in a human body for health monitoring, diagnostics, or as a prosthetic device. Biosensors can be organized into clusters where most of the communication takes place within the clusters, and long range transmissions to the base station are performed by the cluster leader to reduce the energy cost. In some applications, the tissues are sensitive to temperature increase and may be damaged by the heat resulting from normal operations and the recharging of sensor nodes. Our work is the first to consider rotating the cluster leadership to minimize the heating effects on human tissues. We explore the factors that lead to temperature increase, and the process for calculating the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) and temperature increase of implanted biosensors by using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method. We improve performance by rotating the cluster leader based on the leadership history and the sensor locations. We propose a simplified scheme, Temperature Increase Potential, to efficiently predict the temperature increase in tissues surrounding implanted sensors. Finally, a genetic algorithm is proposed to exploit the search for an optimal temperature increase sequence.

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Section: A Cluster-based Networking and Rotation Of The Cluster Leadermentioning

confidence: 99%

Communication Scheduling to Minimize Thermal Effects of Implanted Biosensor Networks in Homogeneous Tissue

Tang

Tummala

Gupta

et al. 2005

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.

172

122

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“…A power amplifier (PA) drives by a large sinusoidal signal, known as power carrier, at specific frequencies dedicated to RFID/IMD applications in the Industrial-Scientific-Medical (ISM) band [13]. and a series capacitor, , can form an oscillating tank circuit and become part of a class-E PA, which is a popular topology for RFID/IMD applications since it can theoretically reach power efficiencies up to 100% [14], [15]. It is possible to modulate the amplitude, frequency, or phase of the power carrier by applying a modulating signal (MOD) to the PA and detecting these changes on the transponder side.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Integrated Full-Wave CMOS Rectifier With Built-In Back Telemetry for RFID and Implantable Biomedical Applications

Ghovanloo

Atluri

2008

IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I

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Abstract-This paper describes the design and implementation of an integrated full-wave standard CMOS rectifier with built-in passive back telemetry mechanism for radio frequency identification (RFID) and implantable biomedical device applications. The new rectifier eliminates the need for additional large switches for load modulation and provides more flexibility in choosing the most appropriate load shift keying (LSK) mechanism through shorting and/or opening the transponder coil for any certain application. The results are a more robust back telemetry link, improved read range, higher back telemetry data rate, reduced rectifier dropout voltage, and saving in chip area compared to the traditional topologies. Index Terms-Back telemetry, CMOS, full-wave rectifier, implantable biomedical devices, inductive coupling, load shift keying, radio frequency identification (RFID), wireless.

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“…For transcutaneous power transmission, class-E PAs are the most popular ones, followed by class-D PAs, due to their high power efficiency (which can theoretically be close to 100%), self-oscillating capability, and small number of components. Fortunately all of the aforementioned PA classes, including class-E, have been widely covered in the literature (Sokal and Sokal, 1975;Raab and Sokal, 1978;Zierhofer and Hochmair, 1990;Kendir et al, 2005;Troyk and Schwan, 1992;Kazimierczuk and Puczko, 1987;Ziaie et al, 2001). It should be noted that the PTE equations for two-, three-, and four-coil links in (7.17), (7.26), and (7.29), respectively, include the PA losses as well, modeled by R s in Figures 7.3, 7.6, and 7.8, to help designers calculate the overall PTE all the way from the battery to the load.…”

Section: Power Amplifiersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inductive Coupling

Nikita

2014

Handbook of Biomedical Telemetry

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INTRODUCTIONNear-field power transmission is a viable technique to wirelessly power up devices, such as sensors and actuators, with a wide range of power requirements or recharge their batteries from a short range without any direct electrical contact between the energy source and the device. Moreover, it is possible to use the same short-range wireless link to establish wide-band bidirectional data communication with those devices. Wireless IMDs are good examples of where near-field power and data transmission links can be used effectively. IMDs have been significantly improved by going through many generations since the invention of the first implantable pacemaker in 1958, and their importance in several state-of-the-art medical treatments is on the rise (Zhou and Greenbaum, 2009). They have made it possible to treat a wide range of ailments and disabilities from bradycardia (Allan, ), and loss of limbs (Kuiken et al., 2007). These devices need to transmit and receive information wirelessly across the skin barrier since breaching the skin with interconnect wires would be a source of morbidity for the patient and significantly increases the risk of infection. They also increase the risk of damage to the IMD.

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Closed-loop class E transcutaneous power and data link for MicroImplants

Cited by 152 publications

References 11 publications

Communication Scheduling to Minimize Thermal Effects of Implanted Biosensor Networks in Homogeneous Tissue

Communication Scheduling to Minimize Thermal Effects of Implanted Biosensor Networks in Homogeneous Tissue

An Integrated Full-Wave CMOS Rectifier With Built-In Back Telemetry for RFID and Implantable Biomedical Applications

Inductive Coupling

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