Closed form expression for residual stresses and warpage during cure of composite laminates

Abouhamzeh, M.; Sinke, J.; Jansen, K.M.B.; Benedictus, Rinze

doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.07.098

Cited by 61 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…[33], depending on the glass transition temperature of the polymer during cure and whether the material is in the rubbery or glassy state, stress relaxation may have effect during the isothermal curing part of the cure cycle. We should see if it is necessary to consider the viscoelastic response of the material during cure and cool-down or just during cool-down.…”

Section: Properties From the Epoxy Adhesive In Glarementioning

confidence: 99%

Thermo-viscoelastic analysis of GLARE

Abouhamzeh

Sinke

Jansen

et al. 2016

Composites Part B: Engineering

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Section: Properties From the Epoxy Adhesive In Glarementioning

confidence: 99%

Thermo-viscoelastic analysis of GLARE

Abouhamzeh

Sinke

Jansen

et al. 2016

Composites Part B: Engineering

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“…ε c,max denotes the linear cure shrinkage after full conversion. As an example, the above model is used by the authors to model the stresses due to the curing cycle of the epoxy thermoset [66,67].…”

Section: Resin Shrinkage During Curementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some researchers have developed methods to measure the gelation point for thermoset polymers and prepreg materials that can be referred to for further reading [84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91]. Abouhamzeh et al [66,67] used the above formulation, Equation (5), to predict the curing response of the epoxy adhesive used in their hybrid material. For the cooling part of the cure cycle, they used a thermo-viscoelastic formulation in which the stiffness components of the composite material were viscoelastic (time-temperature dependent) during the cooling phase but no stress relaxation was considered during the curing part [67,92,93].…”

Section: Evolution Of Resin Stiffness During Curementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Jansen et al, in 2012 and 2013, developed an analytic model based on classical laminate theory (CLT) for single and multi-layered coating layers used in electronic packaging and predicted the resulting warpage due to the curing process [75,114]. The approach was later improved by the authors in 2016 to make the model applicable for the CLT analysis of the cure-induced deformations of thin composite materials [66]. The model included the thermal deformations and cure shrinkage of the epoxy thermoset, but the viscoelastic response of the epoxy material was not accounted for.…”

Section: Stress Models For Thermoset Polymers and Adhesivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prediction Models for Distortions and Residual Stresses in Thermoset Polymer Laminates: An Overview

Abouhamzeh

Sinke

Benedictus

2019

JMMP

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This paper reviews predictive models developed for the development of residual stresses and shape distortions during the manufacturing of thermoset polymeric/composite materials. Different sources that produce residual stresses and shape changes in the laminated panels are described and reviewed. An overview is presented on the characterisation and predictions of the phenomena resulting in residual stresses. The focus will be on the models accounting for the parameters during the cure cycle of the thermoset composite materials published in the literature from 2005 until 2018. The material types covered here range from thermoset adhesives, full composites, and fibre metal laminates. Furthermore, selected works are reviewed on the reduction of the shape changes and residual stresses of composites and fibre metal laminates consisting of thermoset polymers.

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“…Over the years, several studies have reported that the appearance of residual stresses associated with the curing process of composite materials may affect the mechanical performance of composites [7][8][9][10]. According to Hosseini-Toudeshky and Mohammadi, it is important to note that these stresses are the result of the inhomogeneity of the material and its anisotropic behavior, which is evident from the differences that exist in Young's modulus values and the thermal expansion coefficient of the constituent materials of the composite [11].…”

Section: Structural Elements Made From Laminated Compositementioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of thermal residual stresses on the free vibration of reinforced laminates

Sánchez

Capote

Carrillo

2017

DYNA

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The use of laminated composite materials has increased in modern engineering, mainly in those projects that require an assurance of good strength and durability. It has been found that some properties of the material that ensure proper performance can be affected by the occurrence of residual stresses caused by the manufacturing process. In this paper, the influence of thermal residual stresses on the free vibration of reinforced plates is analyzed. For the experimental study, a square, reinforced, prepreg laminate was used. The laminate was reinforced using two different types of reinforcement: lateral and perimetral. The plates were prepared using two different techniques. The first group of laminates was prepared by curing the reinforcement at 177 °C. The second group of laminates was prepared by secondary bonding of the reinforcement to the laminate at room temperature (22 °C). A numerical model was elaborated for comparison with the experimental results. Accuracy was observed when comparing experimental and numerical results, showing that the presence of residual thermal stress affects the value of the natural frequencies of free vibration and the characteristic modal form of reinforced plates. Regardless of the type of reinforcement used, a notable increase in these values was observed, even when the element was simply supported.Keywords: Laminates; thermal stresses; free vibration; frequency; cure temperature.Influencia de las tensiones térmicas residuales en la vibración libre de laminados reforzados Resumen El uso de compuestos laminados se ha incrementado en la ingeniería moderna, fundamentalmente en proyectos en los cuales se requiere garantizar una adecuada resistencia y durabilidad. Se ha comprobado que algunas de las propiedades del material pueden ser afectadas por la aparición de tensiones residuales durante el proceso de manufactura. En este artículo, la influencia de las tensiones térmicas residuales en la vibración libre de compuestos laminados es analizada. Para el estudio experimental se empleó un laminado cuadrado de tipo pre-impregnado. El laminado fue reforzado usando dos tipos de refuerzos: laterales y perimetrales. Las placas fueron elaboradas usando dos diferentes técnicas: el primer tipo de laminados fue elaborado curando tanto la placa como los refuerzos a 177 °C de manera simultánea y posteriormente enfriados a la temperatura de servicio, mientras que para el segundo tipo de placas tanto las láminas como los refuerzos fueron preparados de forma independiente y pegados a temperatura de operación (22 °C). Un modelo numérico fue elaborado para comparar estos resultados con los resultados experimentales. Una buena precisión fue observada al comparar resultados numéricos y experimentales, mostrando que la presencia de tensiones térmicas residuales afecta el valor de las frecuencias naturales de vibración libre y la forma modal característica. Independientemente del tipo de refuerzo empleado, un notable incremento en estos valores fue observado, cuando el elemento se encuentra sim...

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Closed form expression for residual stresses and warpage during cure of composite laminates

Cited by 61 publications

References 22 publications

Thermo-viscoelastic analysis of GLARE

Thermo-viscoelastic analysis of GLARE

Prediction Models for Distortions and Residual Stresses in Thermoset Polymer Laminates: An Overview

Influence of thermal residual stresses on the free vibration of reinforced laminates

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