Close Relative of Human Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in Bat, South Africa

Ithete, Ndapewa Laudika; Stoffberg, Samantha; Corman, Victor M.; Cottontail, Veronika M.; Richards, Leigh R.; Schoeman, M. Corrie; Drosten, Christian; Drexler, Jan Felix; Preiser, Wolfgang

doi:10.3201/eid1910.130946

Cited by 344 publications

(341 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…But neither the proximate animal source of human infection nor the natural reservoir of the virus is known. Closely related, but not identical viruses have been found in species of insectivorous bats [6]. There is a preliminary report of a short fragment of virus genome almost identical to MERS-CoV reportedly found in Egyptian tomb bats [7].…”

Section: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirusmentioning

confidence: 98%

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus seroprevalence in domestic livestock in Saudi Arabia, 2010 to 2013

et al. 2013

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Section: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirusmentioning

confidence: 98%

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus seroprevalence in domestic livestock in Saudi Arabia, 2010 to 2013

et al. 2013

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“…ats are the natural reservoir for a number of highly pathogenic zoonotic agents (1,2), including the henipaviruses (Hendra virus [HeV] and Nipah virus) (3)(4)(5), severe acute respiratory syndrome-like coronaviruses (6,7), Ebola (EBOV) and Marburg viruses (8), and, most recently identified, the Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus (9,10). Although many bat-borne viruses cause significant and often fatal diseases in humans, bats remarkably remain asymptomatic upon infection and rarely show clinical signs of disease.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Antigen Processing Machinery and Endogenous Peptide Presentation of a Bat MHC Class I Molecule

Wynne

Woon

Dudek

et al. 2016

The Journal of Immunology

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Bats are a major reservoir of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, including severe acute respiratory syndrome–like coronaviruses, henipaviruses, and Ebola virus. Although highly pathogenic to their spillover hosts, bats harbor these viruses, and a large number of other viruses, with little or no clinical signs of disease. How bats asymptomatically coexist with these viruses is unknown. In particular, little is known about bat adaptive immunity, and the presence of functional MHC molecules is mostly inferred from recently described genomes. In this study, we used an affinity purification/mass spectrometry approach to demonstrate that a bat MHC class I molecule, Ptal-N*01:01, binds antigenic peptides and associates with peptide-loading complex components. We identified several bat MHC class I–binding partners, including calnexin, calreticulin, protein disulfide isomerase A3, tapasin, TAP1, and TAP2. Additionally, endogenous peptide ligands isolated from Ptal-N*01:01 displayed a relatively broad length distribution and an unusual preference for a C-terminal proline residue. Finally, we demonstrate that this preference for C-terminal proline residues was observed in Hendra virus–derived peptides presented by Ptal-N*01:01 on the surface of infected cells. To our knowledge, this is the first study to identify endogenous and viral MHC class I ligands for any bat species and, as such, provides an important avenue for monitoring and development of vaccines against major bat-borne viruses both in the reservoir and spillover hosts. Additionally, it will provide a foundation to understand the role of adaptive immunity in bat antiviral responses.

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“…The outbreaks that have occurred in the past have actually perpetuated owing to the limited person-toperson transmission that have been attributed to droplet and contact transmission [12]. The ultimate culprit in the zoonotic origin of the MERS-CoV however seem to be the Egyptian cave bats [13,14]. Although the MERS-CoV and the bat-CoV are closely related, bats are not the immediate contact for human MERS-CoV infection [15].…”

Section: Commentarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Outbreak Control Policies for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS): The Present and the Future

Rawat¹

2015

J Trop Dis

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Close Relative of Human Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in Bat, South Africa

Cited by 344 publications

References 10 publications

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus seroprevalence in domestic livestock in Saudi Arabia, 2010 to 2013

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus seroprevalence in domestic livestock in Saudi Arabia, 2010 to 2013

Characterization of the Antigen Processing Machinery and Endogenous Peptide Presentation of a Bat MHC Class I Molecule

Outbreak Control Policies for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS): The Present and the Future

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