Clonostachys rosea Promotes Root Growth in Tomato by Secreting Auxin Produced through the Tryptamine Pathway

Abstract

Clonostachys rosea (Link) Schroers is a filamentous fungus that has been widely used for biological control, biological fermentation, biodegradation and bioenergy. In this research, we investigated the impact of this fungus on root growth in tomato and the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that C. rosea can promote root growth in tomato, and tryptophan enhances its growth-promoting impacts. The results also showed that tryptophan increases the abundance of metabolites in C. rosea, with auxin (IAA) and auxin-related metabolites representing a majority of the highly abundant metabolites in the presence of tryptophan. It was noted that C. rosea could metabolize tryptophan into tryptamine (TRA) and indole-3-acetaldehyde (IAAId), and these two compounds are used by C. rosea to produce IAA through the tryptamine (TAM) pathway, which is one of the major pathways in tryptophan-dependent IAA biosynthesis. The IAA produced is used by C. rosea to promote root growth in tomato. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on IAA biosynthesis by C. rosea through the TAM pathway. More research is needed to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying IAA biosynthesis in C. rosea, as well as to examine the ability of this fungus to boost plant development in the field.

The role of indole derivative in the growth of plants: A review

“…As a major biosynthetic precursor, tryptophan (Trp) 10 ( Figure 1 ) can help enhance the metabolites of Clonostachys rosea , resulting in a stronger capability to support the growth of tomato roots ( Han et al., 2022 ). A class of ionic liquids (ILs) 11 ( Figure 1 ) that demonstrate good solubility was developed by incorporating ammonium cations into the structure of L-Trp.…”

Endophytic Acrocalymma vagum drives the microbiome variations for rice health

“…Pathogenic bacteria Burkholderia [64, 65] and Ralstonia [66, 67] were overwhelmingly dominant in unfertilized rice. On the contrary, the dominants in fertilized rice were potentially bene cial microbiota, such as bacteria Aquabacterium [68-70], Lactobacillus [71], Flavobacterium [72], Caulobacter [73,74] and fungi Rhizophagus [75,76], Lecanicillium [77,78], Clonostachys [74,79] and Nigrospora [79,80] and Sarocladium [81,82]. Rice fertilized with A. vagum was dramatically healthier than unfertilized rice, in which microbial communities were less variable than in diseased plants [63].…”