Clonorchis sinensis infection and co-infection with the hepatitis B virus are important factors associated with cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma

Abstract

To evaluate the contributions of Clonorchis sinensis and hepatitis B virus to the development of cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), C. sinensis and hepatitis B virus infections in 20 clinical liver cancer cases from a C. sinensis- and hepatitis B virus-epidemic region were detected. Eight cases of ICC, 11 cases of HCC and one mixed ICC and HCC case were verified by CT, pathological section and (or) observations during surgery. The C. sinensis infection was detected by stool microscopy and ELISA, and the worms and eggs found during surgery and in pathological sections also allowed for diagnoses. Hepatitis B virus infections were detected by ELISA. In the 20 cases, 18 patients were diagnosed with C. sinensis infections. Eight of the 20 patients were infected with the hepatitis B virus, and seven were co-infected with C. sinensis. In the eight ICC patients, seven were diagnosed with C. sinensis infection, and two had mixed infections with the hepatitis B virus. In the 11 HCC patients, 10 were diagnosed with C. sinensis, four had mixed infections with the hepatitis B virus, and only one HCC patient presented a single infection by the hepatitis B virus. These clinical observations revealed that C. sinensis infection and C. sinensis co-infection with the hepatitis B virus are important factors in ICC and HCC.

Aspirin inhibits cholangiocarcinoma cell proliferation via cell cycle arrest in vitro and in vivo

“…The mice were maintained at 20-25˚C with 30-60% humidity under a 12:12 h light/dark cycle, using a laminar airflow rack and had continuous free access to sterilized (γ-irradiated) food (CL-2; CLEA Japan, Inc.) and autoclaved water. Mice were subcutaneously inoculated with 1.5x10 6 HuCCT-1 cells in the right flank. When the xenografts were palpable with an approximate diameter of 3 mm, we randomly assigned the animals to three groups of 10 animals each.…”

“…CCA arises from bile duct epithelial cells, and there are three subtypes based on anatomic location: Intrahepatic (iCCA), perihilar (pCCA), and distal (dCCA). The etiology of CCA includes lithiasis (2), primary sclerosing cholangitis (3), parasitic infection (4), congenital abnormalities (5), chronic liver disease (6), cirrhosis (6), metabolic abnormalities (7), and lifestyle (7). The incidence of iCCA appears to be increasing (8); the rates of CCA in North America, Japan, and Australia have been rising over the past two decades (9).…”

Clonorchis sinensis Granulin Promotes Malignant Transformation of Hepatocyte Through EGFR-Mediated RAS/MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathways

“…Clonorchis Sinensis has a long history of recurrent infection and high intensity of infection, and it is an important risk factor for CCA and HCC ( Shi et al., 2017 ). A total of 16.44% of HCC patients in China were infected with Clonorchis Sinensis , while the infection rate of non-tumor patients was 2.4%.…”

Coinfection of Clonorchis sinensis and hepatitis B virus: clinical liver indices and interaction in hepatic cell models

“…In China, people infected with HBV are commonly found in areas with a high prevalence of C. sinensis [ 7 , 8 ]. The HBsAg-positive rate has been documented to be significantly higher in endemic areas of C. sinensis than in nonendemic areas [ 9 , 10 ].…”