Cloning, sequencing, and characterization of a gene (narT) encoding a transport protein involved in dissimilatory nitrate reduction inStaphylococcus carnosus

Fast, Beate; Lindgren, Per-Eric; Götz, Friedrich

doi:10.1007/bf01682980

Cited by 21 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Even in microbes with assimilatory pathways, nitrite generated by respiratory processes can be potentially toxic to the microbial cell; therefore, many bacteria contain nitrite exporting enzymes. The presence of nitrate/nitrite anti-porters or nitrite extrusion transporters may contribute to extracellular nitrite levels [ 37 , 41 ]. Extruded nitrite can be further used by microorganisms with assimilatory pathways [ 42 ] or dissimilatory (denitrification) pathways [ 43 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Bacterial Communities in Selected Smokeless Tobacco Products Using 16S rDNA Analysis

et al. 2016

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The bacterial communities present in smokeless tobacco (ST) products have not previously reported. In this study, we used Next Generation Sequencing to study the bacteria present in U.S.-made dry snuff, moist snuff and Sudanese toombak. Sample diversity and taxonomic abundances were investigated in these products. A total of 33 bacterial families from four phyla, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, were identified. U.S.-produced dry snuff products contained a diverse distribution of all four phyla. Moist snuff products were dominated by Firmicutes. Toombak samples contained mainly Actinobacteria and Firmicutes (Aerococcaceae, Enterococcaceae, and Staphylococcaceae). The program PICRUSt (Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States) was used to impute the prevalence of genes encoding selected bacterial toxins, antibiotic resistance genes and other pro-inflammatory molecules. PICRUSt also predicted the presence of specific nitrate reductase genes, whose products can contribute to the formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines. Characterization of microbial community abundances and their associated genomes gives us an indication of the presence or absence of pathways of interest and can be used as a foundation for further investigation into the unique microbiological and chemical environments of smokeless tobacco products.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Bacterial Communities in Selected Smokeless Tobacco Products Using 16S rDNA Analysis

et al. 2016

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“…7 , Supplementary File 1 ), including narT gene and narABC , narGHJI and nirBD operons, with almost 2- to threefold increased expression (Table 1 ). The narT gene encodes a transport protein that is required for nitrate uptake and nitrite export [ 33 ]. The narGHJI operon encodes a membrane-bound respiratory nitrate reductase that is responsible for generation of nitrite [ 34 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutation of gdpS gene induces a viable but non-culturable state in Staphylococcus epidermidis and changes in the global transcriptional profile

Zhu

Wang

et al. 2022

BMC Microbiol

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Background In the genome of staphylococci, only the gdpS gene encodes the conserved GGDEF domain, which is the characteristic of diguanylate cyclases. In our previous study, we have demonstrated that the gdpS gene can modulate biofilm formation by positively regulating the expression of ica operon in Staphylococcus epidermidis. Moreover, this regulation seems to be independent of the c-di-GMP signaling pathway and the protein-coding function of this gene. Therefore, the biological function of the gdpS gene remains to be further investigated. Results In the present study, it was observed that mutation of the gdpS gene induced S. epidermidis to enter into a presumed viable but nonculturable state (VBNC) after cryopreservation with glycerol. Similarly, when moved from liquid to solid culture medium, the gdpS mutant strain also exhibited a VBNC state. Compared with the wild-type strain, the gdpS mutant strain autolyzed more quickly during storage at 4℃, indicating its increased susceptibility to low temperature. Transcriptional profiling analysis showed that the gdpS mutation affected the transcription of 188 genes (92 genes were upregulated and 96 genes were downregulated). Specifically, genes responsible for glycerol metabolism were most markedly upregulated and most of the altered genes in the mutant strain are those involved in nitrogen metabolism. In addition, the most significantly downregulated genes included the betB gene, whose product catalyzes the synthesis of glycine betaine and confers tolerance to cold. Conclusion The preliminary results suggest that the gdpS gene may participate in VBNC formation of S. epidermidis in face of adverse environmental factors, which is probably achieved by regulating expression of energy metabolism genes. Besides, the gdpS gene is critical for S. epidermidis to survive low temperature, and the underlying mechanism may be partly explained by its influence on expression of betB gene.

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“…1 b) (Neubauer and Götz 1996 ): (i) nitrate is taken up and reduced to nitrite, and nitrite is subsequently excreted, (ii) after depletion of nitrate, the externally accumulated nitrite is taken up by the cells and reduced to ammonia, which again is excreted into the medium. The nitrate reduction by the nitrate reductase is connected with energy gain and is therefore also referred to as “anaerobic respiration” or “dissimilatory nitrate reduction” (Fast et al 1996 ; Fedtke et al 2002 ). The nitrate reductase is a membrane-bound enzyme, whereas nitrite reductase is a cytosolic enzyme involved in NADH reoxidation (Neubauer et al 1999 ; Pantel et al 1998 ).…”

Section: Dissimilatory Nitrate Fermentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus carnosus: from starter culture to protein engineering platform

Löfblom

Rosenstein

Nguyen

et al. 2017

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Since the 1950s, Staphylococcus carnosus is used as a starter culture for sausage fermentation where it contributes to food safety, flavor, and a controlled fermentation process. The long experience with S. carnosus has shown that it is a harmless and “food grade” species. This was confirmed by the genome sequence of S. carnosus TM300 that lacks genes involved in pathogenicity. Since the development of a cloning system in TM300, numerous genes have been cloned, expressed, and characterized and in particular, virulence genes that could be functionally validated in this non-pathogenic strain. A secretion system was developed for production and secretion of industrially important proteins and later modified to also enable display of heterologous proteins on the surface. The display system has been employed for various purposes, such as development of live bacterial delivery vehicles as well as microbial biocatalysts or bioadsorbents for potential environmental or biosensor applications. Recently, this surface display system has been utilized for display of peptide and protein libraries for profiling of protease substrates and for generation of various affinity proteins, e.g., Affibody molecules and scFv antibodies. In addition, by display of fragmented antigen-encoding genes, the surface expression system has been successfully used for epitope mapping of antibodies. Reviews on specific applications of S. carnosus have been published earlier, but here we provide a more extensive overview, covering a broad range of areas from food fermentation to sophisticated methods for protein-based drug discovery, which are all based on S. carnosus.

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Cloning, sequencing, and characterization of a gene (narT) encoding a transport protein involved in dissimilatory nitrate reduction inStaphylococcus carnosus

Cited by 21 publications

References 32 publications

Characterization of Bacterial Communities in Selected Smokeless Tobacco Products Using 16S rDNA Analysis

Characterization of Bacterial Communities in Selected Smokeless Tobacco Products Using 16S rDNA Analysis

Mutation of gdpS gene induces a viable but non-culturable state in Staphylococcus epidermidis and changes in the global transcriptional profile

Staphylococcus carnosus: from starter culture to protein engineering platform

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