Cloning of rpl10 in spotted knifejaw ( Oplegnathus punctatus ) and expression pattern analysis after iridovirus infection

Abstract

Iridoviridae is an important virus family in aquaculture that is characterized by its wide spectrum of infection in aquatic animals. Recently, spotted knifejaw iridovirus (SKIV) has attracted particular attention because it causes a high death rate and severe economic loss. The ribosomal protein L10 gene (rpl10) is widely reported to participate in the antiviral process in animals and plants. To illustrate its immune roles in spotted knifejaw, we cloned rpl10 and studied its expression patterns in this study. The 3,463 bp rpl10 genomic sequence consisted of 6 exons and 5 introns, with a 1,473 bp transcript encoding a 215 amino acid protein. Tissue expression analysis revealed a wide distribution of rpl10, while higher expression was observed in immune‐related tissues (liver and kidney). Time‐course expression patterns were further examined in three tissues (spleen, liver and kidney) after SKIV infection. Significant upregulation was observed in the spleen and liver at 4 days post infection, while in the kidney, the upregulation occurred at 6 hr post infection. This study would facilitate further investigation into the functionality of rpl10 in the antiviral defence of spotted knifejaw.

Allometric Growth Pattern and Hunger Tolerance of Hemibarbus maculatus Bleeker Larvae

“…The rapid growth of head length provides ample space for important organs such as the mouth, gills, and brain, ensuring the establishment of respiration and feeding abilities in larvae [37]. Similar results have been confirmed in studies on Cyprinus carpio [4], Clarias gariepinus [8], and Furong crucian carp (Carassius auratus Furong carp ♀× Cyprinus carpio red crucian carp ♂) [36]. As a predation organ, the mouth of fish is very important for feeding [39].…”

“…In fish, the development of the head is closely related to vision, feeding, the nervous system, and information processing functions [36]. It serves as the foundation for the development of feeding and respiratory organs [8]. Among all measured organs, Hemibarbus maculatus showed an inflection point in head growth at 10.93 mm, which was the first to develop.…”

“…The growth coefficient of dorsal fin length after the inflection point is generally smaller than that before the inflection point. Of course, there are some exceptions; for example, the pectoral fins of Furong crucian carp and Lates calarifer always present isokinetic growth [14,36]; the caudal fin of the spotted knifejaw changes to negative allometric growth after the inflection point [8]; and the caudal fin length of the golden pompano presents negative allometric growth before the inflection point [41]. Fins are organs that larvae use to swim and keep balance [25,42].…”

“…In the early development of fish, allometric growth usually refers to the growth rate of an organ relative to its full length [4][5][6][7]. In particular, allometric growth reflects the strategy through which larvae preferentially develop certain organs in order to adapt to complex living environments in their early life stages [8][9][10]. It is generally believed that the organs that develop first in the early stages of larval growth are those that are important for survival.…”

Transcriptome analysis of Giant grouper ( Epinephelus lanceolatus ) kidney and spleen in response to spotted knifejaw iridovirus (SKIV) infection

“…Fish individuals were randomly divided into two groups. One group, designated as the ‘SKIV’ sample, was intraperitoneally challenged with 1.0 × 10 9 copies of SKIV diluted in 0.2 ml PBS as previously reported (Wang et al., 2019). The other group, designated as the ‘PBS’ sample, was correspondingly challenged with the same volume of PBS.…”