Cloning of Human Androgen Receptor Complementary DNA and Localization to the X Chromosome

Abstract

The androgen receptor (AR) mediates the actions of male sex steroids. Human AR genomic DNA was cloned from a flow-sorted human X chromosome library by using a consensus nucleotide sequence from the DNA-binding domain of the family of nuclear receptors. The AR gene was localized on the human X chromosome between the centromere and q13. Cloned complementary DNA, selected with an AR-specific oligonucleotide probe, was expressed in monkey kidney (COS) cells and yielded a high-affinity androgen-binding protein with steroid-binding specificity corresponding to that of native AR. A predominant messenger RNA species of 9.6 kilobases was identified in human, rat, and mouse tissues known to contain AR and was undetectable in tissues lacking AR androgen-binding activity, including kidney and liver from androgen-insensitive mice. The deduced amino acid sequence of AR within the DNA-binding domain has highest sequence identity with the progesterone receptor.

Cap Wearing and Quality of Life in Patients with Androgenic Alopecia amongst Indian Population

“…Thus, increasing hours of cap wearing among males with AGA showed decrease in interest to seek medical treatment, as wearing a cap for more hours in a day covers their baldness and thus avoids the social stigma of being bald in public and the psychological effects of alopecia in them [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25].…”

Pathogenetic Influences of Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) in Prostate Cancer Progression

“…In conditions such as 5α-reductase deficiency, in which DHT is not biosynthesized, or androgen-insensitivity syndrome, a condition where AR mutations prevent ligand binding, the prostate fails to develop (10,11). Located on chromosome Xq11-12 (12), AR encodes a ligand-induced transcription factor that belongs to the steroid hormone gene family. In utero, DHT and testosterone are responsible for driving male development of the fetus.…”

Fatores hormonais e genéticos na próstata normal e neoplásica

“…O AR é um fator transcricional, membro da superfamília de proteínas regulatórias nucleares que inclui, além de outros receptores de esteróides, o receptor do hormônio da tiróide e do ácido retinóico (18,19). Essas proteínas são relacionadas entre si por causa da alta homologia do seu domínio responsável pela ligação com as seqüências HREs do genoma (18,20).…”