Cloning of an orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) Mx cDNA and characterisation of its expression in response to nodavirus

Expression regulation and functional characterization of a novel interferon inducible gene Gig2 and its promoter

“…IFN-␥ molecules follow a similar pathway, but in this case, two STAT1 molecules dimerize to form a homodimer and bind to specific ␥-IFN activating sites (GAS) present in the promoters of IFN-␥ inducible genes (Platanias, 2005). Some fish ISGs have been verified to have typical ISRE motifs in their promoters, such as Mx (Altmann et al, 2004;Chen et al, 2006;Collet and Secombes, 2001;Ooi et al, 2006;Plant and Thune, 2008;Yap et al, 2003), IRFs (Collet et al, 2003;Collet and Secombes, 2002;Jia and Guo, 2008), major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I genes (Dijkstra et al, 2003;Jorgensen et al, 2006), vig-2 (Boudinot et al, 2001), and ISG15 (Seppola et al, 2007), suggesting the existence of type I IFN inducible pathways in fish. Functional analysis showed that fish Mx promoters possess one or two ISRE motifs that appear necessary for its transcriptional regulation under exposure of Poly I:C (Ooi et al, 2006;Yap et al, 2003).…”

Cloning and analysis of antiviral activity of a barramundi (Lates calcarifer) Mx gene☆

“…Mx induction by fish viruses has been reported in many cases, including channel catfish virus (CCV) in catfish [22], nodavirus and iridovirus in grouper [23], infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in rainbow trout [16], IPNV in Atlantic halibut [18], hirame rhabdovirus (HIRRV) or aquabirnavirus in Japanese flounder [19,40] in vivo, and nodavirus in SAF-1 cells [21] in vitro. In the present study, we found that cBB cells were sensitive to nodavirus, birnavirus and iridovirus infection.…”

“…In fish, the first Mx gene was identified from perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) [15]. Following, piscine Mx genes have been cloned and characterized in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) [16], Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) [17], Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) [18], Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) [19], fugu (Takifugu rubripes) [20], gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) [21], channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) [22], and orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) [23]. However, only few papers have demonstrated the role of fish Mx proteins in IFN response.…”

Enhanced grass carp reovirus resistance of Mx-transgenic rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus)

“…We injected approximate 600 embryos for every group. The injected and uninjected embryos were subsequently incubated in sterile 0.3Â Danieau's solution (19…”

“…Rainbow trout Mx can be induced by chum salmon reovirus (CSR), Poly I:C, or viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) in trout monocyte/macrophage and fibroblast cell lines [16,17]. All the three Mx isoforms from grouper have the efficiency of reducing the titer of virus 10-to 100-fold in GB3 cells [18,19]. Barramundi Mx is able to inhibit the proliferation of fish nodavirus and birnavirus [20].…”