Cloning, nucleotide sequence and expression of a hemolysin gene of Clostridium septicum

Imagawa, Toshiaki; Dohi, Yoshitane; Higashi, Yutaro

doi:10.1016/0378-1097(94)90573-8

Cited by 19 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…1. We determined that the N-terminal amino acid sequence of C. septicum alpha-toxin was different from those reported by Ballard et al [3] and Imagawa et al [7] at the fourth amino acid from the N-terminal. But the toxin was certainly C. septicum alpha-toxin as judged by the results of the neutralization test with standard C. septicum antitoxin and by its biological activities.…”

mentioning

confidence: 35%

Protective Effect of Clostridium septicum Alpha-Toxoid Vaccine against Challenge with Spores in Guinea Pigs.

Amimoto

Ohgitani

Sasaki

et al. 2002

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. The protective effect of an alpha-toxoid vaccine of Clostridium septicum purified alpha-toxin was investigated in guinea pigs. Purified alpha-toxin was treated with formalin to make toxoid, and alpha-toxoid vaccine was prepared by mixing alpha-toxoid (4 to 64 µg/dose) with an aluminum phosphate gel as adjuvant. Guinea pigs were immunized twice with different doses of alpha-toxoid vaccine, and challenged with spores of C. septicum. The guinea pigs surviving after challenge had been immunized with 8 µg/dose or more of alpha-toxoid. All these animals produced titers of 20 units or higher of antitoxin at the challenge. The results suggest that C. septicum alpha-toxin plays an important role in protection against challenge with spores in guinea pigs.

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confidence: 35%

Protective Effect of Clostridium septicum Alpha-Toxoid Vaccine against Challenge with Spores in Guinea Pigs.

Amimoto

Ohgitani

Sasaki

et al. 2002

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…Lipid bilayer studies reveal that electrostatic forces play an important role during the reversible adsorption phase of RTX (Repeats in ToXin)toxins such as E. coli alpha-toxin or adenylate cyclase toxin from Bordetella pertussis [72][73][74]. Conformational change drives an unfolding of the antiparallel amphipathic loop from each monomer and formation of an amphipathic transmembrane 14-stranded--barrel that inserts into the membrane to form pores [75,76] (Fig. 2, step 4).…”

Section: E) Oligomerization and Pore-formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcal and Streptococcal Superantigens: Basic Biology of Conserved Protein Toxins

Larkin¹

2013

TOTNJ

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Pore-forming toxins (PFTs) represent the largest known group of bacterial protein toxins to date. Membrane insertion and subsequent pore-formation occurs after initial binding to cell-surface receptor and oligomerization. Aerolysin, a toxin produced by the Gram-negative bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila and related species, belongs to the PFT group and shares a common mechanism of action involving -barrel structures resulting from the assembly ofhairpins from individual toxin monomers into a heptamer. Aerolysin is also the name given to structurally and mechanistically related toxins called the aerolysin-like toxin family. A universal characteristic of this toxin family involves the diverse life forms that synthesize these proteins throughout Nature. Examples include: 1) epsilon-toxin and septicum-alpha-toxin produced by anaerobic, Gram-positive Clostridium species; 2) enterolobin by the Brazilian tree Enterolobium contortisiliquum; 3) a mushroom toxin Laetiporus sulphureus lectin (LSL); 4) mosquitocidal toxins (Mtxs) from the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus sphaericus and parasporine-2 from Bacillus thuringiensis; and 6) hydralysins from the tiny aquatic animal Chlorohydra viridis. The following review provides an overview of the different members within the aerolysin-like toxin family.

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“…Aerolysin-based homology modeling of alpha-toxin suggests that it only has a single large lobe made up of three domains (16,30). C. septicum alpha-toxin is encoded by the csa gene and is secreted as an inactive 46-kDa monomer (10,25), which is cleaved to its 43-kDa active form by host cell-associated proteases following binding of the toxin to glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins on the cell surface (19,24). The propeptide is known to be a potent inhibitor of oligomerization and acts to prevent the toxin from forming inactive aggregates before it binds to the cell surface (42).…”

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confidence: 99%

Pore-Forming Activity of Alpha-Toxin Is Essential for Clostridium septicum -Mediated Myonecrosis

et al. 2009

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Clostridium septicum alpha-toxin is a ␤-barrel pore-forming cytolysin that is functionally similar to aerolysin. Residues important in receptor binding, oligomerization, and pore formation have been identified; however, little is known about the activity of the toxin in an infection, although it is essential for disease. We have now shown that deletion of a small portion of the transmembrane domain, so that the toxin is no longer able to form pores, completely abrogates its ability to contribute to disease, as does replacement of the sole cysteine residue with leucine. However, although previous biochemical and cytotoxicity assays clearly indicated that mutations in residues important in oligomerization, binding, and prepore conversion greatly reduced activity or rendered the toxin inactive, once the mutated toxins were overexpressed by the natural host in the context of an infection it was found they were able to cause disease in a mouse model of myonecrosis. These results highlight the importance of testing the activity of virulence determinants in the normal host background and in an infectious disease context and provide unequivocal evidence that it is the ability of alpha-toxin to form a pore that confers its toxicity in vivo.

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Cloning, nucleotide sequence and expression of a hemolysin gene of Clostridium septicum

Cited by 19 publications

References 19 publications

Protective Effect of Clostridium septicum Alpha-Toxoid Vaccine against Challenge with Spores in Guinea Pigs.

Protective Effect of Clostridium septicum Alpha-Toxoid Vaccine against Challenge with Spores in Guinea Pigs.

Staphylococcal and Streptococcal Superantigens: Basic Biology of Conserved Protein Toxins

Pore-Forming Activity of Alpha-Toxin Is Essential for Clostridium septicum -Mediated Myonecrosis

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