1 Subtypes of a 1 -adrenoceptor in rabbit iris have been examined in functional, binding and molecular biological experiments. 2 In functional studies, exogenous and endogenous noradrenaline produced contractions of the iris dilator muscle. The contractile responses to noradrenaline were competitively antagonized by a range of a 1 -adrenoceptor antagonists (pA 2 values): prazosin (8.1), WB4101 (8.2), BMY7378 (5.9), YM617 (9.5), JTH-601 (8.8), HV723 (7.8) and KMD-3213 (9.8). The same order of inhibitory potency was seen in the adrenergic responses to electrical stimulation. This a nity pro®le corresponds well to that of the putative a 1L -adrenoceptor, which has been proposed in lower urinary tract tissues. 3 In binding studies on rabbit iris membrane however, prazosin, KMD-3213 and WB4101 displayed high a nity (pK d or pK i : 9.6, 10.3, 9.6, respectively), and BMY7378 displayed low a nity (pK i : 6.9). These results show that the binding sites typically correspond to a 1A -adrenoceptor subtype in character, and we could not detect the signi®cant amount of a 1L -adrenoceptor subtype. 4 The expression of the three distinct mRNAs that encode proteins of a 1a -, a 1b -and a 1d -adrenoceptors was studied using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT ± PCR). RT ± PCR demonstrated the strongest expression of the a 1a -adrenoceptor, weak expression of the a 1b -adrenoceptor and undetectable expression of the a 1d -adrenoceptor. 5 The present study suggests that a 1A -adrenoceptor is a major subtype detectable in binding and RT ± PCR studies in rabbit iris, but that the adrenergic contractions of iris dilator muscle are mediated via activation of a 1 -adrenoceptor subtype having low a nity for prazosin and WB4101.