Cloning, Expression Patterns, and Chromosome Localization of Three Human and Two Mouse Homologues of GABAA Receptor-Associated Protein

Xin, Yurong; Liu, Yu; Chen, Zheng; Zheng, Lihua; Fu, Qiang; Jiang, Jianmin; Zhang, Pingzhao; Gong, Romu; Zhao, Shengming

doi:10.1006/geno.2001.6555

Cited by 107 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Of these, the genes encoding ionotropic Nmethyl D-aspartate glutamate receptor subunit 2B (GRIN2B), neurotrophin 3 (NTF3), GABA-A receptor-associated protein-like protein 1 (GABARAPL1) and a cluster of subunits for a taste receptor represent plausible candidates for a future association study in view of their biological function(s) and the biochemical pathways involved in drug addiction. [46][47][48][49][50] Although several association studies have been conducted to investigate the association of NTF3 and GRIN2B with schizophrenia and alcohol dependence, the results have been inconclusive. [51][52][53][54] Regarding potential candidate genes from other regions, we will not discuss these in the present report because (1) they have been reported previously for possible association with nicotine and/or alcohol dependence in independent sample; (2) potential candidate genes for a few chromosomal regions were discussed in our recent report based on the AA sample; 20 and/or (3) a limited number of candidate genes are obvious on the basis of their functionality unless we are able to demonstrate their association experimentally, a consideration which is well beyond the scope of this report.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide linkage scan for nicotine dependence in European Americans and its converging results with African Americans in the Mid-South Tobacco Family sample

Payne

et al. 2007

Mol Psychiatry

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Previously, we reported a genome-wide scan for nicotine dependence (ND) in the African American (AA) sample of the Mid-South Tobacco Family (MSTF) cohort. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide scan in 629 individuals representing 200 nuclear families of European American (EA) origin of the MSTF cohort with the goals of identifying vulnerability loci for ND in the EAs and determining converging regions across the ethnic groups. We examined 385 autosomal microsatellite markers for ND, which was assessed by smoking quantity (SQ), the Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI) and the Fagerströ m test for ND (FTND). After performing linkage analyses using various methods implemented in the GENEHUNTER and SAGE programs, we found eight regions on chromosomes 2, 4, 9-12, 17 and 18 that met the criteria for suggestive linkage to at least one ND measure in the EA sample. Of these, the region on chromosome 4 at 43 cM showed suggestive linkage to indexed SQ, the HSI and the FTND, and the region on chromosome 9 at 24 cM showed suggestive linkage to the HSI and the FTND. To increase detection power, we analyzed a combined AA and EA sample using age, gender and ethnicity as covariates and found that the region on chromosome 12 near marker D12S372 showed significant linkage to SQ. Additionally, we found six regions on chromosomes 9-11, 13 and 18 that showed suggestive linkage to at least one ND measure in the combined sample. When we compared the linkage peaks detected for ND among the two samples and a combined sample, we found that four regions on chromosomes 9 (two regions), 11 and 18 overlapped. On the other hand, we identified five regions on chromosomes 2, 4, 10, 12 and 17 that showed linkage to ND only in the EA sample, and two regions on chromosomes 10 and 13 that showed linkage to ND only in the AA sample. For those linkages identified in only one sample, we found that the combined analysis of AA plus EA samples actually decreased the linkage signal. This indicates that some chromosomal regions may be more homogenous than others across the ethnic samples. All regions except for the one on chromosome 12 have been detected at nominally significant levels in other studies, providing independent replication of ND loci in different populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide linkage scan for nicotine dependence in European Americans and its converging results with African Americans in the Mid-South Tobacco Family sample

Payne

et al. 2007

Mol Psychiatry

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“…In this study we identified and isolated three human homologues of the rat Map1LC3, named MAP1LC3A, MAP1LC3B, and MAP1LC3C. In comparison with the four members of human GABARAP family (17,21), the three isoforms of human MAP1LC3 are highly homologous to the rat Map1LC3, implying a similar function for these conserved proteins in both microtubule binding and autophagosome membrane association.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-translational Modifications of Three Members of the Human MAP1LC3 Family and Detection of a Novel Type of Modification for MAP1LC3B

Dang

Dai

et al. 2003

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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265

209

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The molecular machinery required for autophagy is highly conserved in all eukaryotes as seen by the high degree of conservation of proteins involved in the formation of the autophagosome membranes. Recently, both yeast Apg8p and its rat homologue Map1lc3 were identified as essential constituents of autophagosome membrane as a processed form. In addition, both the yeast and human proteins exist in two modified forms produced by a series of post-translational modifications including a critical C-terminal cleavage after a conserved Gly residue, and the smaller processed form is associated with the autophagosome membranes. Herein, we report the identification and characterization of three human orthologs of the rat Map1LC3, named MAP1LC3A, MAP1LC3B, and MAP1LC3C. We show that the three isoforms of human MAP1LC3 exhibit distinct expression patterns in different human tissues. Importantly, we found that the three isoforms of MAP1LC3 differ in their post-translation modifications. Although MAP1LC3A and MAP1LC3C are produced by the proteolytic cleavage after the conserved C-terminal Gly residue, like their rat counterpart, MAP1LC3B does not undergo C-terminal cleavage and exists in a single modified form. The essential site for the distinct posttranslation modification of MAP1LC3B is Lys-122 rather than the conserved Gly-120. Subcellular localization by cell fractionation and immunofluorescence revealed that three human isoforms are associated with membranes involved in the autophagic pathway. These results revealed different regulation of the three human isoforms of MAP1LC3 and implicate that the three isoforms may have different physiological functions.

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“…GABARAPL1 shows 87% identity with GABARAP and 61% identity with GATE-16 5,6 and also shares a distant homology with LC3A (30.8% identity), LC3B (29% identity) and LC3C (35.8% identity). [7][8][9][10] Members of the GABARAP and LC3 families are composed of 117 to 145 amino acids and all possess a conserved C-terminal glycine, essential for their role in autophagy (Fig. 1).…”

Section: The Gabarap Familymentioning

confidence: 99%

GABARAPL1 (GEC1): Original or copycat?

Grand

Chakrama²,

Seguin-Py³

et al. 2011

Autophagy

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Cloning, Expression Patterns, and Chromosome Localization of Three Human and Two Mouse Homologues of GABAA Receptor-Associated Protein

Cited by 107 publications

References 15 publications

Genome-wide linkage scan for nicotine dependence in European Americans and its converging results with African Americans in the Mid-South Tobacco Family sample

Genome-wide linkage scan for nicotine dependence in European Americans and its converging results with African Americans in the Mid-South Tobacco Family sample

Post-translational Modifications of Three Members of the Human MAP1LC3 Family and Detection of a Novel Type of Modification for MAP1LC3B

GABARAPL1 (GEC1): Original or copycat?

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