Cloning, expression and functional analysis of a novel-chemokine gene of Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, containing two additional cysteines and an extra fourth exon

Molecular characterization of miiuy croaker CC chemokine gene and its expression following Vibrio anguillarum injection

“…The spleen, kidney and intestine, are major sites of innate and adaptive immune responses in fish [26], where a large number of lymphocytes and macrophages Gene normalised to beta-actin resided in, which may be one of the reasons why CC chemokines were highly expressed in these tissues. In contrast, Mimi-CC was lowly expressed in liver and intestine, but highly in muscle and bladder, this expression pattern is different from those ubiquitous ones reported in some other fish species [27,28]. This unique expression pattern may suggest that the Mimi-CC has different functions.…”

Prokaryotic expression, purification, and refolding of leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 and its effect on gene expression of head kidney-derived macrophages of a teleost fish, ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis)

“…The transmigrated head kidney cells were isolated as previously described [19], and macrophages were prepared as before. The assay was assessed with a modified Boyden's chamber method [20] using a Chemotaxicell (Corning, shanghai, China) with a 5 mm pore-size polyvinylpyrrolidone-free polycarbonate membrane. The chemotactic index was calculated from the number of cells that migrated to the test samples divided by the number of cells that migrated to the medium only.…”

Identification, characterization and expression of a novel cytokine M17 homologue (MSH) in fish

“…Induction of poMSH by viral and bacterial agents, as well as its constitutive expression in immuno-hematopoietic tissues, indicates that the molecule has cytokine-like function. A number of Japanese flounder cytokines reported so far exhibit the same properties including Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), Interleukin-1b (IL-1b), CSF3 and a novel CC chemokine JFCCL3 [3,13,22,23]. PolyI:C has been reported to induce IL6 [24] while LPS and PG can highly induce chemokines and cytokines [25e28].…”