Cloning, characterization, expression and comparative analysis of pig Golgi membrane sphingomyelin synthase 1

Guillén, Natalía; Navarro, María Á.; Surra, Joaquín C.; Arnal, Carmen; Fernández‐Juan, Marta; Cebrián‐Pérez, J. A.; Osada, Jesús

doi:10.1016/j.gene.2006.10.013

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Together with the finding that SMS2 primarily resides at the plasma membrane, these observations indicate that SMS2 operates as the major if not only cell surface-associated SM synthase in HeLa cells. Because SMS2 is expressed in essentially all major tissues (15,17,36) and in a variety of mammalian cell lines (this study), we anticipate that the presence of a cell surface-associated SM synthase activity is a general feature of mammalian cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Both Sphingomyelin Synthases SMS1 and SMS2 Are Required for Sphingomyelin Homeostasis and Growth in Human HeLa Cells

Tafesse

Huitema

Hermansson

et al. 2007

Journal of Biological Chemistry

191

189

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Sphingomyelin (SM) is a vital component of cellular membranes in organisms ranging from mammals to protozoa. Its production involves the transfer of phosphocholine from phosphatidylcholine to ceramide, yielding diacylglycerol in the process. The mammalian genome encodes two known SM synthase (SMS) isoforms, SMS1 and SMS2. However, the relative contributions of these enzymes to SM production in mammalian cells remained to be established. Here we show that SMS1 and SMS2 are co-expressed in a variety of cell types and function as the key Golgi-and plasma membrane-associated SM synthases in human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells, respectively. RNA interference-mediated depletion of either SMS1 or SMS2 caused a substantial decrease in SM production levels, an accumulation of ceramides, and a block in cell growth. Although SMS-depleted cells displayed a reduced SM content, external addition of SM did not restore growth. These results indicate that the biological role of SM synthases goes beyond formation of SM.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Both Sphingomyelin Synthases SMS1 and SMS2 Are Required for Sphingomyelin Homeostasis and Growth in Human HeLa Cells

Tafesse

Huitema

Hermansson

et al. 2007

Journal of Biological Chemistry

191

189

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“…This transbilayer movement appears to occur at a rapid rate, although it may be regulated and will then become a rate-limiting step [27]. In the Golgi lumen, sphingomyelin (Figure 1) is synthesized by sphingomyelin synthase (SMS)1 and then transported to the cell membrane (Figure 2) [238][239][240]. SMS1 is distinct from SMS2, which regenerates sphingomyelin from ceramide in the cell membrane [241,242].…”

Section: Sphingolipid Metabolism In the Golgi: Ceramide Transport And Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Ceramide signaling in cancer and stem cells

Bieberich

2008

Future Lipidology

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Most of the previous work on the sphingolipid ceramide has been devoted to its function as an apoptosis inducer. Recent studies, however, have shown that in stem cells, ceramide has additional nonapoptotic functions. In this article, ceramide signaling will be reviewed in light of 'systems interface biology': as an interconnection of sphingolipid metabolism, membrane biophysics and cell signaling. The focus will be on the metabolic interconversion of ceramide and sphingomyelin or sphingosine-1-phosphate. Lipid rafts and sphingolipid-induced protein scaffolds will be discussed as a membrane interface for lipid-controlled cell signaling. Ceramide/sphingomyelin and ceramide/ sphingosine-1-phosphate-interdependent cell-signaling pathways are significant for the regulation of cell polarity, apoptosis and/or proliferation, and as novel pharmacologic targets in cancer and stem cells. Keywordsapoptosis; cancer; cell polarity; ceramide; ES cells; lipid rafts; sphingomyelin; sphingosine-1-phosphate Ceramide & its derivatives: from metabolism to cell signalingThe structural core of ceramide is the sphingoid base sphingosine (Figure 1), a lipid that is synthesized from the amino acid serine and the activated fatty acid palmitoyl-CoA (Figure 2). Sphingosine (or sphingenine) was first isolated and characterized by the German pathologist and 'father of neurochemistry ' Johann Ludwig Wilhelm Thudichum (1829-1901 [1,2]. He coined the term sphingolipids, which is derived from 'sphingos', the genitive of Sphinx. In Greek, 'sphingo' means 'to strangle'. According to the legend, a fate of death was meant for everyone who could not solve the riddles posed by the Sphinx. Quite ironically, this is how many sphingolipid researchers may feel when faced with analyzing the function of ceramide. The riddle of ceramide, its function and how it acts as signaling lipid, is far from being solved. To ease our fears when confronted with the Sphinx in sphingolipid biochemistry, a related Greek word, 'sphingein', meaning 'to bind tight', alludes to the possibility of solving the enigma of ceramide by identifying its binding proteins.In addition to ceramide, more than a hundred different sphingolipids are known. The most comprehensive collection of sphingolipids, with respect to their characteristics and structures, can be found at [401], a Webpage supported by the National Institutes of General Medical Sciences [3,4]. Sphingolipids are essential components of cellular membranes and have been (Figure 3) . Among these, their roles as pro-or anti-apoptotic and pro-or anti-proliferative signaling lipids are the most important. Most recently, our group has found that establishment of cell polarity during embryonic development is another biological process regulated by sphingolipids [28]. To define a profile of functions for individual sphingolipids is difficult because of their rapid metabolic interconversion. To add to this predicament, several derivatives of ceramide have functions similar to ceramide itself. Hence, novel techniques are need...

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“…[1][2][3][4] Previously, we studied the structure of the human SGMS1 gene and characterized transcripts of this gene that are potentially able to direct protein synthesis. We established that the transcriptional diversity of the SGMS1 gene is provided by the presence of alternative promoters, alternative polyadenylation and exon splicing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circular RNA of the human sphingomyelin synthase 1 gene: Multiple splice variants, evolutionary conservatism and expression in different tissues

et al. 2015

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The human sphingomyelin synthase 1 gene (SGMS1) encodes an essential enzyme that is involved in the synthesis of sphingomyelin and diacylglycerol from phosphatidylcholine and ceramide. Among the products of SGMS1, we found new transcripts, circular RNAs (circRNAs), that contain sequences of the gene's 5 0 untranslated region (5 0 UTR). Some of them include the gene's coding region and fragments of introns. An analysis of the abundance of circRNAs in human tissues showed that the largest transcripts were predominantly found in different parts of the brain. circRNAs of rat and mouse sphingomyelin synthase 1 orthologous genes were detected and are highly similar to the human SGMS1 gene transcripts. A quantitative analysis of the abundance of such transcripts also revealed their elevated amount in the brain. A computational analysis of sequences of human circRNAs showed their high potential of binding microRNAs (miRNAs), including the miRNAs that form complexes with Ago proteins and the mRNA of SGMS1. We assume that the circRNAs identified here participate in the regulation of the function of the SGMS1 gene in the brain.

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Cloning, characterization, expression and comparative analysis of pig Golgi membrane sphingomyelin synthase 1

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

Both Sphingomyelin Synthases SMS1 and SMS2 Are Required for Sphingomyelin Homeostasis and Growth in Human HeLa Cells

Both Sphingomyelin Synthases SMS1 and SMS2 Are Required for Sphingomyelin Homeostasis and Growth in Human HeLa Cells

Ceramide signaling in cancer and stem cells

Circular RNA of the human sphingomyelin synthase 1 gene: Multiple splice variants, evolutionary conservatism and expression in different tissues

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