Cloning, characterization and functional expression of an endoglucanase-encoding gene from the phytopathogenic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina

Wang, Haiyin; Jones, Richard W.

doi:10.1016/0378-1119(95)00094-m

Cited by 30 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…The lack of a CBD is a paradigm of pathogen-encoded endoglucanases that may allow for diVusion of the endoglucanase through the host cell wall (Wang and Jones, 1995a;Wang and Jones, 1995b;Wang and Jones, 1997). An interesting feature of four members of the Phytophthora EGL 12 gene family is the serine and threonine-rich N terminal region which shares some homology to bacterial cell wall anchoring domains (Tettelin et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene duplication event in family 12 glycosyl hydrolase from Phytophthora spp.

Costanzo

Ospina-Giraldo

Deahl

et al. 2006

Fungal Genetics and Biology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene duplication event in family 12 glycosyl hydrolase from Phytophthora spp.

Costanzo

Ospina-Giraldo

Deahl

et al. 2006

Fungal Genetics and Biology

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“…Given the complexity of carbohydrate biochemistry and the broad range of hydrolytic activities it involves, is not unexpected that all genomes examined exhibit a considerable number of GH members. A number of these genes lack a cellulose-binding domain (CBD), a characteristic that was originally noted in the first GH family 5 gene cloned from a phytopathogenic fungus [47,48]. The CBD anchors the enzyme to crystalline cellulose substrates and it has been suggested that its absence would, therefore, facilitate diffusion of the enzyme through the host cell wall [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The CAZyome of Phytophthora spp.: A comprehensive analysis of the gene complement coding for carbohydrate-active enzymes in species of the genus Phytophthora

et al. 2010

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BackgroundEnzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism include Carbohydrate esterases (CE), Glycoside hydrolases (GH), Glycosyl transferases (GT), and Polysaccharide lyases (PL), commonly referred to as carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes). The CE, GH, and PL superfamilies are also known as cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDE) due to their role in the disintegration of the plant cell wall by bacterial and fungal pathogens. In Phytophthora infestans, penetration of the plant cells occurs through a specialized hyphal structure called appressorium; however, it is likely that members of the genus Phytophthora also use CWDE for invasive growth because hyphal forces are below the level of tensile strength exhibited by the plant cell wall. Because information regarding the frequency and distribution of CAZyme coding genes in Phytophthora is currently unknown, we have scanned the genomes of P. infestans, P. sojae, and P. ramorum for the presence of CAZyme-coding genes using a homology-based approach and compared the gene collinearity in the three genomes. In addition, we have tested the expression of several genes coding for CE in cultures grown in vitro.ResultsWe have found that P. infestans, P. sojae and P. ramorum contain a total of 435, 379, and 310 CAZy homologs; in each genome, most homologs belong to the GH superfamily. Most GH and PL homologs code for enzymes that hydrolyze substances present in the pectin layer forming the middle lamella of the plant cells. In addition, a significant number of CE homologs catalyzing the deacetylation of compounds characteristic of the plant cell cuticle were found. In general, a high degree of gene location conservation was observed, as indicated by the presence of sequential orthologous pairs in the three genomes. Such collinearity was frequently observed among members of the GH superfamily. On the other hand, the CE and PL superfamilies showed less collinearity for some of their putative members. Quantitative PCR experiments revealed that all genes are expressed in P. infestans when this pathogen grown in vitro. However, the levels of expression vary considerably and are lower than the expression levels observed for the constitutive control.ConclusionsIn conclusion, we have identified a highly complex set of CAZy homologs in the genomes of P. infestans, P. sojae, and P. ramorum, a significant number of which could play roles critical for pathogenicity, by participating in the degradation of the plant cell wall.

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“…The basis for these differences is unknown. Recently, two endoglucanase genes from M. phaseolina have been isolated and characterized (30,31). The genes were shown to be highly conserved among isolates of the fungus collected from very diverse locations (15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%