Cloning and sequence of the human nuclear protein cyclin: homology with DNA-binding proteins.

Almendral, José M.; Huebsch, D; Blundell, Patricia A.; Macdonald-Bravo, H; Bravo, Rodrigo

doi:10.1073/pnas.84.6.1575

Cited by 272 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The levels of mRNA coding for calmodulin (11), and the transcription product of the tsl 1 gene which complements the tsl 1 mutation (18), a temperature-sensitive mutation in mammalian cells, were increased in the period from the GI to the early S phase. Expression of the mRNA that encodes p53 (33) and the mRNA that encodes PCNA (2), increased at the G,/S boundary. HSP70 mRNA (28) was also expressed preferentially in the S phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase-Specific Polypeptides and Poly(A)⁺ RNAs during the Cell Cycle in Synchronous Cultures of Catharanthus roseus Cells

Kodama

Kawakami²,

Watanabe³

et al. 1989

Plant Physiol.

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This study shows an overall analysis of gene expression during the cell cycle in synchronous suspension cultures of Catharanthus roseus cells. First, the cellular cytoplasmic proteins were fractionated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and visualized by staining with silver. Seventeen polypeptides showed qualitative or quantitafive changes during the cell cycle. Second, the rates of synthesis of cytoplasmic proteins were also investigated by autoradiography by labeling cells with [S]methionine at each phase of the cell cycle. The rates of synthesis of 13 polypeptides were found to vary during the cell cycle. The silverstained electrophoretic pattem of proteins in the G2 phase in particular showed characteristic changes in levels of polypeptides, while the rates of synthesis of polypeptides synthesized during the G2 phase did not show such phase-specific changes.This result suggests that posttranslational processing of polypeptides occurs during or prior to the G2 phase. In the G1 and S phases and during cytokinesis, several other polypeptides were specifically synthesized. Finally, the variation of mRNAs was analyzed from the autoradiograms of In vitro translafton products of poly(A)+ RNA isolated at each phase. Three poly(A)+ RNAs increased in amount from the GI to the S phase and one poly (A)+ RNA increased preferentially from the G2 phase to cytokinesis.The cell cycle in eukaryotes consists of an ordered sequence of events, which include DNA synthesis, replication of organelles, and mitosis, and which are controlled by the ordered expression of genes. Many studies have been undertaken to examine the changes in protein patterns through which the sequential action of genes during the cell cycle is reflected, and to demonstrate that genes involved in cell proliferation are expressed transiently during the cell cycle. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis has revealed the presence of several phase-specific proteins in mammalian cells which appear in the G2 phase (1) or which are synthesized in the S phase (10) and the G2/M phase (41). There are also reports (8,15,29) that no unique proteins are synthesized during the cell cycle in HeLa cells and yeast.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase-Specific Polypeptides and Poly(A)⁺ RNAs during the Cell Cycle in Synchronous Cultures of Catharanthus roseus Cells

Kodama

Kawakami²,

Watanabe³

et al. 1989

Plant Physiol.

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“…The mechanisms regulating growth factor-induced increases in PCNA RNA accumulation are beginning to be defined (2,30,69). During growth factor stimulation of lymphocytes or 3T3 cells, there is an increase in PCNA RNA stability (12,70).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…cDNA and genomic DNA of several species of PCNA have been isolated (2,5,44,69,73,78), and the structural gene for human PCNA has been localized to chromosome 20 (36). The PCNA promoters of at least four species have been analyzed (51,54,56,71,78).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Promoter activity of the proliferating-cell nuclear antigen gene is associated with inducible CRE-binding proteins in interleukin 2-stimulated T lymphocytes.

Huang¹,

Shipman-Appasamy²,

Orten³

et al. 1994

Mol. Cell. Biol.

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The proliferating-cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) gene encodes an auxiliary factor of DNA polymerase delta and functions in DNA replication during S phase. It is expressed at much higher levels in proliferating cells than in quiescent cells. We have studied the regulatory role of the 5'-flanking sequence of the murine PCNA gene in interleukin 2 (IL-2)-responsive cloned T cells (L2). Analysis of a set of deletion constructs in transient transfection assays measuring heterologous reporter gene (luciferase) activity demonstrated that the 182-bp 5'-flanking region provides full promoter activity in IL-2-stimulated L2 cells. While many elements contribute to PCNA promoter strength in IL-2-stimulated cells, the largest decrease in activity occurred with deletion of the tandem CRE (cyclic AMP response element) binding sites located at nucleotides -37 to -52. With a gel mobility shift assay, several IL-2-inducible DNA-protein complexes were detected, including CREB (CREbinding) and ATFI (activating transcription factor) proteins that are specific for the PCNA-CRE sequence.Methylation interference analysis confirmed specific binding of these proteins to the CRE sites. Mutation at the PCNA-CRE motif abolishes IL-2-inducible binding and reduces substantially PCNA promoter activity.These results indicate that IL-2-stimulated PCNA transcription may be partially mediated by these CRE-binding proteins.The activation of antigen-specific T lymphocytes from Go to S phase usually requires several signals. Initially, antigen interacts with the T-cell antigen receptor, which leads to the transition from Go to GI and the expression of interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptor and lymphokines including IL-2. Further GI progression requires additional signals provided by the interaction of IL-2 with its high-affinity receptor, which results in the expression of genes related to G, activation, and binding of prolactin to its receptor, which results in entry into S phase and DNA replication (11,14,35,38,67).One of the genes expressed during IL-2-driven G, progression is proliferating-cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) (49, 69). PCNA was originally described as a proliferation-associated nuclear antigen that was thought to be expressed in a cellcycle-specific manner (8,47). While PCNA is an auxiliary protein for DNA polymerase delta (leading-strand polymerase) (9, 59) and PCNA-associated immunofluorescence closely parallels [3H]thymidine incorporation during cell cycle progression (42), synthesis and expression of PCNA can be detected in all phases of the cell cycle (G11SG2/M) in proliferating cells, suggesting that the protein is easily extractable when it is not associated with the polymerase (10, 49). Beach and coworkers showed recently that D-type cyclins can directly interact with PCNA and suggested this interaction as one possible mechanism by which the cell cycle machinery could * Corresponding author. Present address:

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“…The PCNA gene is induced at the G,-to-S phase boundary (Almendral et al, 1987;Matsumoto et al, 1987;Jaskulski et al, 1988) and is well conserved in eukaryotes (Suzuka et al, 1991). In addition, the rice PCNA protein produced in bacteria has been found to stimulate DNA synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerase 6 from human cells (Matsumoto et al, 1994), suggesting the functional conservation of PCNA among eukaryotes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PCNA, an auxiliary protein of DNA polymerase 6 (Bravo et al, 1987;Prelich et al, 1987b), participates in a variety of processes, such as DNA replication (Prelich et al, 1987a), DNA repair synthesis (Toschi and Bravo, 1988;Shivji et al, 1992), and cell cycle control through interactions with the CDK (cyclin-dependent kinase)xyclin-CDI (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor) complex (Waga et al, 1994). The PCNA gene is induced at the G,-to-S phase boundary (Almendral et al, 1987;Matsumoto et al, 1987;Jaskulski et al, 1988) and is well conserved in eukaryotes (Suzuka et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PCF1 and PCF2 specifically bind to cis elements in the rice proliferating cell nuclear antigen gene.

1997

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We have previously defined the promoter elements, sites Ila and Ilb, in the rice proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) gene that are essential for meristematic tissue-specific expression. In this study, we isolated and characterized cDNAs encoding proteins that specifically bind to sites Ila and Ilb. The two DNA binding proteins, designated PCFl and PCFP, share >To% homology in common conserved sequences at the N-terminal regions. The conserved regions are responsible for DNA binding and homodimer and heterodimer formation, and they contain a putative basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) motif. The structure and DNA binding specificity of the bHLH motif are distinguishable from those of other known bHLH proteins that bind to the E-box. The motif is >70% homologous t o several expressed sequence tags from Arabidopsis and rice, suggesting that PCFl and PCF2 are members of a nove1 family of proteins that are conserved in monocotyledons and dicotyledons. A supershift assay using an anti-PCF2 antibody showed the involvement of PCF2 in site Ila (site Ilb) binding activities in rice nuclear extracts, particularly in meristematic tissues. PCFl and PCFS were also more likely t o form heterodimers than homodimers. Our results suggest that PCFl and PCFS are involved in meristematic tissue-specific expression of the rice PCNA gene through binding to sites Ila and Ilb and formation of homodimers or heterodimers.

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Cloning and sequence of the human nuclear protein cyclin: homology with DNA-binding proteins.

Cited by 272 publications

References 36 publications

Phase-Specific Polypeptides and Poly(A)⁺ RNAs during the Cell Cycle in Synchronous Cultures of Catharanthus roseus Cells

Phase-Specific Polypeptides and Poly(A)⁺ RNAs during the Cell Cycle in Synchronous Cultures of Catharanthus roseus Cells

Promoter activity of the proliferating-cell nuclear antigen gene is associated with inducible CRE-binding proteins in interleukin 2-stimulated T lymphocytes.

PCF1 and PCF2 specifically bind to cis elements in the rice proliferating cell nuclear antigen gene.

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Cloning and sequence of the human nuclear protein cyclin: homology with DNA-binding proteins.

Cited by 272 publications

References 36 publications

Phase-Specific Polypeptides and Poly(A)+ RNAs during the Cell Cycle in Synchronous Cultures of Catharanthus roseus Cells

Phase-Specific Polypeptides and Poly(A)+ RNAs during the Cell Cycle in Synchronous Cultures of Catharanthus roseus Cells

Promoter activity of the proliferating-cell nuclear antigen gene is associated with inducible CRE-binding proteins in interleukin 2-stimulated T lymphocytes.

PCF1 and PCF2 specifically bind to cis elements in the rice proliferating cell nuclear antigen gene.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Phase-Specific Polypeptides and Poly(A)⁺ RNAs during the Cell Cycle in Synchronous Cultures of Catharanthus roseus Cells

Phase-Specific Polypeptides and Poly(A)⁺ RNAs during the Cell Cycle in Synchronous Cultures of Catharanthus roseus Cells