Cloning and sequence analysis of the extracellular region of the polar bear (Ursus maritimus) luteinizing hormone receptor (LHr), follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHr), and prolactin receptor (PRLr) genes and their expression in the testis of the black bear (Ursus americanus)

Skalla, Lesley A; Bunick, David; Bleck, Greg; Nelson, Ralph A.; Bahr, Janice M.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2795(200002)55:2<136::aid-mrd2>3.0.co;2-j

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The FSH receptor has been cloned in the cynomolgus monkey(Gromoll et al, 1993), horse(Robert et al, 1994), donkey(Richard et al, 1997), bovine(Houde et al, 1994), pig(Remy et al, 1995), sheep(Yarney et al, 1993), guinea pig (NCBI gene bank accession no. AY082514), bear(Howell-Skalla et al, 2000), rat(Sprengel et al, 1990), mouse(Tena-Sempere et al, 1999), chicken(Wakabayashi et al, 1997), newt(Nakayama et al, 2000), cat®sh(Kumar et al, 2001) and lizard(Borrelli et al, 2001).…”

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confidence: 99%

Isoforms and single nucleotide polymorphisms of the FSH receptor gene: implications for human reproduction

Simoni¹

2002

Human Reproduction Update

183

109

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The FSH receptor shows three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), one in the promoter and two in exon 10. In addition, the FSH receptor mRNA undergoes extensive alternative splicing. While no physiological role for the SNP in the promoter and for alternative spliced isoforms has been demonstrated so far, the SNPs in exon 10 result in four discrete allelic variants characterized by the amino acid combinations Thr307-Asn680, Ala307-Ser680, Ala307-Asn680 and Thr307-Ser680. Several studies have demonstrated that the first two allelic variants are very frequent (approximately 60 and 40% respectively) in the Caucasian population. The rarer Ala307-Asn680 and Thr307-Ser680 variants are much less frequent (<5%) in the Chinese. In males the FSH receptor variants are not related to testicular volume, serum FSH or serum inhibin B levels. The two most common receptor variants transiently transfected in COS-7 cells displayed similar functional characteristics. Frequency distribution of the two polymorphisms in normal women and patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome or premature ovarian failure is still under investigation. The homozygous Ala307-Ser680 variant seems to be associated with significantly higher basal serum FSH levels and with a higher amount of FSH required for ovarian stimulation in women undergoing assisted reproduction. This suggests that the FSH receptor genotype can influence the ovarian response to FSH stimulation. The presence of SNPs in the FSH receptor gene capable of modifying FSH action paves the way for future patient-tailored, genotype-based hormone therapies.

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confidence: 99%

Isoforms and single nucleotide polymorphisms of the FSH receptor gene: implications for human reproduction

Simoni¹

2002

Human Reproduction Update

183

109

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“…For example testicular regression induced by short days in the golden hamster is associated with a progressive loss of testicular LH, FSH, and PRL receptors, whereas recrudescence induced by long days is associated with a progressive increase of LH, FSH, and PRL receptors. Howell-Skalla et al, (2000) investigated the expression of testicular LH, FSH, and PRL receptor mRNA during the non-breeding and breeding seasons and cloned and sequenced a fkagment of the extra-cellular portion of the (LH-R: 852 bp) and (PRLR: 680 bp) in the black bear. Comparisons of the partial cDNA and predicted amino acid sequences of these receptors fkom many species suggested that the LH-Rand FSH-R are highly conserved (LH-R: 87.1 -93.7%; FSH-R: 86.0 -92.7%) whereas the PRL-R is less well conserved (8 1-87%) and that the expression of testicular gonadotropin and PRL receptor mRNA is seasonally regulated (Howell-Skalla, 2000).…”

Section: Prolactinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spermatogenesis

Gupta

2005

Proteomics of Spermatogenesis

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“…Thus, seasonal increases in serum PRL levels coincided with testicular recrudescence and the onset of breeding season and preceded peak testosterone concentrations, which were achieved in June (Tsubota et al, 1995). The expression of testicular gonadotropin and PRL‐R genes was examined before and during the breeding season (in January and May, respectively) (Howell‐Skalla et al, 2000a). The major PRL‐R transcript was present in both January and May, whereas minor transcripts were detected only in May, coinciding with the increased abundance of LH receptor (LH‐R) messenger RNA (mRNA).…”

Section: Role Of Prl In the Control Of The Annual Reproductive Cyclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolactin in the Male: 25 Years Later

Bartke

2004

Journal of Andrology

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In an article published 25 years ago in the first volume of the Journal of Andrology (Bartke et al, 1980), we reported evidence of involvement of prolactin (PRL) in the control of testicular growth in the golden hamster. In this seasonally breeding species, testes undergo regression in the fall and recover their size and activity the following spring. PRL-secreting transplants of anterior pituitaries augmented the stimulatory effect of treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin on the recrudescence of the regressed testes, while treatment with an inhibitor of PRL release, bromocriptine, delayed recrudescence of the testes and the seminal vesicles induced by exposure to long photoperiods. Role of PRL in the Control of Seasonal Breeding in the Male HamsterStudies conducted in our laboratory following the abovereferenced report of the effects of bromocriptine (Bartke et al, 1980) reaffirmed the role of photoperiod-induced alterations in plasma PRL levels in the control of seasonal transitions between periods of full testicular activity and testicular quiescence in the golden hamster and identified a number of mechanisms involved in the actions of PRL. In the male golden hamster, PRL acts at multiple levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis. In the hypothalamus, it modifies the turnover of neurotransmitters involved in the control of the pituitary (Steger et al, , 1984. In the pituitary, it influences the number of androgen receptors (Prins et al, 1988). Actions of PRL on the hypothalamic-adenohypophyseal system result in the stimulation of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) synthesis and release Steger et al, 1983;Carrillo et al, 1984) and reduction of the sensitivity of gonadotropin release to negative testosterone feedback Our studies of the role of PRL in seasonal breeders were supported by NICHD.Correspondence to: Dr Andrzej Bartke, Departments of Physiology and Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 801 N Rutledge, Springfield, IL 62794-9628 (e-mail: abartke@siumed.edu).Received for publication May 7, 2004; accepted for publication May 8, 2004. ( Bartke et al, 1984;Matt et al, 1984). This latter effect is of particular interest, because the major shifts observed in the sensitivity of luteinizing hormone (LH) and FSH release to feedback control by gonadal steroids accompany annual cycles of reproductive activity in both sexes of many (presumably all) seasonal breeders and are critically important for transitions between reproductive activity and quiescence. Reduced sensitivity of the hypothalamus and the pituitary to negative feedback of sex steroids during annual reactivation of the gonads resembles the endocrine changes that take place during puberty in both seasonal and nonseasonal breeders, including humans.In the hamster testis, PRL, along with the gonadotropins, regulates the expression of its own receptors (Klemcke et al, 1984(Klemcke et al, , 1986Amador et al, 1985) and LH receptors (Bex et al, 1978; and enhances the responsiveness of Leydig cells to LH stim...

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Cloning and sequence analysis of the extracellular region of the polar bear (Ursus maritimus) luteinizing hormone receptor (LHr), follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHr), and prolactin receptor (PRLr) genes and their expression in the testis of the black bear (Ursus americanus)

Cited by 11 publications

References 68 publications

Isoforms and single nucleotide polymorphisms of the FSH receptor gene: implications for human reproduction

Isoforms and single nucleotide polymorphisms of the FSH receptor gene: implications for human reproduction

Spermatogenesis

Prolactin in the Male: 25 Years Later

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