Cloning and neuronal expression of a type III newt neuregulin and rescue of denervated, nerve-dependent newt limb blastemas by rhGGF2

Wang, Lisheng; Marchionni, Mark A.; Tassava, Roy A.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4695(200005)43:2<150::aid-neu5>3.0.co;2-g

Cited by 68 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…It is expressed by DRG neurons, is present in the blastema, and is decreased by denervation. A newt clone of Ggf2 was briefly mentioned to rescue regeneration to digit stages in denervated axolotl limbs when injected intraperitoneally during blastema formation (Wang, Marchionni, & Tassava, 2000). …”

Section: Blastema Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of urodele limb regeneration

Stocum

2017

Regeneration

109

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This review explores the historical and current state of our knowledge about urodele limb regeneration. Topics discussed are (1) blastema formation by the proteolytic histolysis of limb tissues to release resident stem cells and mononucleate cells that undergo dedifferentiation, cell cycle entry and accumulation under the apical epidermal cap. (2) The origin, phenotypic memory, and positional memory of blastema cells. (3) The role played by macrophages in the early events of regeneration. (4) The role of neural and AEC factors and interaction between blastema cells in mitosis and distalization. (5) Models of pattern formation based on the results of axial reversal experiments, experiments on the regeneration of half and double half limbs, and experiments using retinoic acid to alter positional identity of blastema cells. (6) Possible mechanisms of distalization during normal and intercalary regeneration. (7) Is pattern formation is a self‐organizing property of the blastema or dictated by chemical signals from adjacent tissues? (8) What is the future for regenerating a human limb?

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Section: Blastema Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of urodele limb regeneration

Stocum

2017

Regeneration

109

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“…Likewise, nerves produce other mitogens including transferrin, Fgf-2, Ggf-2 (neuregulin), and substance P (Munaim and Mescher, 1986;Mescher and Kiffmeyer, 1992;Mescher et al, 1997;Globus and Alles, 1990;Anand et al, 1987;Mullen et al, 1996;Wang et al, 2000). Blastema cells express Fgf-10, which is essential for maintaining Fgf-2 expression by the AEC in regenerating Xenopus limb buds (Yokoyama et al, 2000;.…”

Section: Blastema Cell Proliferationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Looking proximally and distally: 100 years of limb regeneration and beyond

Stocum

Cameron

2011

Developmental Dynamics

106

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The experimental study of amphibian limb regeneration spans most of the 20 th century and the first decade of the 21 st century. We first review the major questions investigated over this time span: (1) the origin of regeneration blastema cells, the mechanism of tissue breakdown that liberates cells from their tissue organization to participate in blastema formation, (3) the mechanism of dedifferentiation of these cells, (4) how the blastema grows, (5) how the blastema is patterned to restore the missing limb structures, and (6) why adult anurans, birds and mammals do not have the regenerative powers of urodele salamanders. We then look forward in a perspective to discuss the many unanswered questions raised by investigations of the past century, what new approaches can be taken to answer them, and what the prospects are for translation of basic research on limb regeneration into clinical means to regenerate human appendages. Developmental Dynamics 240:943-968,

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“…In both, nerves grow distally and innervate the apical epidermis, and in both bumps and regenerates, nerves appear to be involved directly or indirectly in regulating the growth permissive function of the epidermis. Several candidate molecules have been identified for the neurotrophic function of nerves in blastema forma- tion, including transferrin (Mescher and Munaim, 1984;Munaim and Mescher, 1986), glial growth factor (GGF) (Brockes and Kintner, 1986;Wang et al, 2000), and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) (Mescher and Gospodarowicz, 1979;Mullen et al, 1996). We previously demonstrated that nerves are a source of FGF in the early regenerating limb and that FGF2 can rescue regeneration in denervated limbs (Mullen et al, 1996).…”

Section: Bumps and Blastemasmentioning

confidence: 99%

A stepwise model system for limb regeneration

Endo

2004

Developmental Biology

252

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The amphibian limb is a model that has provided numerous insights into the principles and mechanisms of tissue and organ regeneration. While later stages of limb regeneration share mechanisms of growth control and patterning with limb development, the formation of a regeneration blastema is controlled by early events that are unique to regeneration. In this study, we present a stepwise experimental system based on induction of limb regeneration from skin wounds that will allow the identification and functional analysis of the molecules controlling this early, critical stage of regeneration. If a nerve is deviated to a skin wound on the side of a limb, an ectopic blastema is induced. If a piece of skin is grafted from the contralateral side of the limb to the wound site concomitantly with nerve deviation, the ectopic blastema continues to grow and forms an ectopic limb. Our analysis of dermal cell migration, contribution, and proliferation indicates that ectopic blastemas are equivalent to blastemas that form in response to limb amputation. Signals from nerves are required to induce formation of both ectopic and normal blastemas, and the diversity of positional information provided by blastema cells derived from opposite sides of the limb induces outgrowth and pattern formation. Hence, this novel and convenient stepwise model allows for the discovery of necessary and sufficient signals and conditions that control blastema formation, growth, and pattern formation during limb regeneration. D

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Cloning and neuronal expression of a type III newt neuregulin and rescue of denervated, nerve-dependent newt limb blastemas by rhGGF2

Cited by 68 publications

References 50 publications

Mechanisms of urodele limb regeneration

Mechanisms of urodele limb regeneration

Looking proximally and distally: 100 years of limb regeneration and beyond

A stepwise model system for limb regeneration

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